Question 1

If Schachter and Singer's had run another study in which the same procedure was used but the confederate acted as if he or she was romantically attracted to the participant, what would Schachter and singer have predicted

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal. In a scenario where participants are misinformed about the source of their arousal, they are more likely to misattribute their feelings to the context provided, in this case, romantic attraction, leading to reports of experiencing more love for the confederate.

Question 2

In the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, physiological reactions _________ emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The Cannon-Bard theory posits that physiological reactions and emotional experiences occur simultaneously, rather than one causing the other.

Question 3

Which theory of emotion is CORRECTLY matched with its description

Accepted Answer

Each provided theory-description pair is incorrectly matched. The James-Lange theory posits that emotions result from physiological reactions. The Cannon-Bard theory suggests that physiological reactions and emotional experiences occur simultaneously, not sequentially. The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory, posits that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Question 4

Which alternative below correctly identifies one of the results in Schachter and Singer's experiment

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's experiment demonstrated that the confederate's behavior influenced participants' emotional state, showing that emotions can be determined by a combination of physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal in context.

Question 5

According to Schachter and Singer, our emotions are based on:

Accepted Answer

Schachter and Singer's theory of emotion, also known as the two-factor theory, posits that emotion is based on two factors: a physiological response and a cognitive evaluation (or interpretation) of that response in the context of the situation. This means that how we feel an emotion is influenced by our physical state and how we understand or think about that state within our environment.

Question 6

In Schachter and Singer's classic experiment, participants who didn't have an explanation for their arousal took on the emotion expressed by the confederate. According to the interpretation of the results described in your text, we can say that these participants _____.

Accepted Answer

Participants in Schachter and Singer's experiment who did not have an explanation for their physiological arousal ended up adopting the emotion displayed by a confederate because they misattributed the source of their arousal to the emotion being expressed around them, rather than the injection they received.

Question 7

In Stepper and Strack's (1993) experiment, people rated cartoons as funnier when they held a pen between their teeth than when they held a pen between their lips. Which alternative correctly names and identifies the variables in this study

Accepted Answer

B) The independent variable is the condition manipulated by the researchers, which is the pen position (between the teeth or lips). The dependent variable is the outcome measured, which in this case is the ratings of the cartoons' funniness.

Question 8

The face contains nearly _______ muscles, enabling more than ________ different configurations.

Accepted Answer

The human face contains around 50 distinct muscles, which, through various combinations, can create over 10,000 different expressions. This complexity allows for the wide range of facial expressions humans can make, from subtle to overt emotions.

Question 9

The facial-feedback hypothesis:

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback hypothesis, which suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences, aligns with the James-Lange theory of emotion. This theory posits that physiological reactions (such as facial expressions) precede and drive emotional experiences, rather than the other way around.

Question 10

Marilee is so angry she could spit: She is experiencing a secondary emotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marilee is so angry she could spit:...

Question 11

According to the facial-feedback hypothesis,

Accepted Answer

The facial-feedback hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions can influence our emotional experiences, meaning that the act of forming a facial expression can actually lead to us feeling the emotion that corresponds to that expression.

Question 12

In Schachter and Singer's classic experiment, participants were injected with epinephrine and either informed or not informed about the drug's effects. Participants were later asked to rate their own emotional states. Which alternative below correctly names and identifies a variable in this experiment

Accepted Answer

The independent variable in an experiment is the variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In Schachter and Singer's experiment, whether participants were informed about the effects of epinephrine was the condition that was manipulated, making it the independent variable.

Question 13

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, physiological responses _________ emotional experiences.

Accepted Answer

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physiological responses precede emotional experiences, meaning that we experience emotions as a result of physiological changes in our bodies.

Question 14

Which of the following theories of emotion most explicitly recognizes the importance of the cognitive component of emotion

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, explicitly emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in the experience of emotion. It proposes that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal.

Question 15

The results of the Schachter-Singer experiment indicate that:

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer experiment showed that people's emotional experience was based on the cognitive interpretation of their arousal level rather than the arousal level itself. In other words, the participants needed to label the reason behind their physical sensations to identify their emotion. This supports Choice C, which states that emotional experience is the cognitive interpretation of arousal.

Question 16

In an argument, you back away from your conversational partner to indicate submission; you get "in their face" to communicate dominance. This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates both nonverbal communication (A), which encompasses all forms of communication that do not involve words, and proxemics (B), which is the study of how space and distance influence communication, particularly in terms of personal space and territoriality.

Question 17

Rules about the approximate use of personal space are called ________. Clues to emotion or identity contained in our voices are termed _______.

Accepted Answer

Rules about the approximate use of personal space are called proxemics, and clues to emotion or identity contained in our voices are termed paralanguage.

Question 18

Which piece of evidence is correctly matched with its relevance to a particular theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which piece of evidence is correctly matched...

Question 19

Which of the following describes the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

Accepted Answer

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, posits that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. According to this theory, an emotion is experienced only when the arousal is attributed to a specific cause or label.

Question 20

One's accent can reveal such components of one's identity as one's region of origin, one's level of education, and one's socioeconomic status. One's accent is an example of an aspect of nonverbal communication called:

Accepted Answer

Paralanguage refers to the nonverbal elements of communication used to modify meaning and convey emotion, such as tone, pitch, and accent.

Quiz 10: Emotions and Motivations