Question 1

The high from snorting cocaine lasts ________ minutes, while the high from smoking cocaine lasts ________ minutes.

Accepted Answer

The high from snorting cocaine typically lasts between 15 to 30 minutes, while the high from smoking cocaine, which is often referred to as crack cocaine, lasts between 5 to 10 minutes. This difference is due to the methods of administration affecting how quickly the drug reaches the brain.

Question 2

Cocaine's effects on the body include each of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is a stimulant drug that increases heart rate, elevates blood pressure, and raises body temperature. It does not slow respiration; instead, it typically increases respiratory rate due to its stimulant effects.

Question 3

The drug Chantix is prescribed to help people quit smoking cigarettes. Chantix is a:

Accepted Answer

Chantix (varenicline) works both as a nicotine agonist, meaning it mimics the action of nicotine at certain receptors in the brain to reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms, and as a nicotine antagonist, meaning it blocks nicotine from acting on these receptors, which reduces the rewarding effects of smoking.

Question 4

Which of the following alternatives correctly defines addiction

Accepted Answer

Addiction is characterized by a compulsive craving and seeking of a substance, despite harmful consequences.

Question 5

Which of the following alternatives correctly defines withdrawal

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal refers to the negative experiences (physical or psychological symptoms) that occur when a person reduces or stops using a drug to which they have become dependent.

Question 6

Alcohol use is responsible for nearly ___% of all automobile fatalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol use is responsible for nearly ___%...

Question 7

Stimulants prevent the reuptake of each of the following neurotransmitters EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines primarily prevent the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, increasing their levels in the brain. Endorphins, which are endogenous opioids, are not directly affected by the reuptake inhibition mechanism of these stimulants.

Question 8

The ________ ratio provides a __________ definition of the danger of a given drug.

Accepted Answer

The safety ratio provides an operational definition of the danger of a given drug, quantifying the margin between beneficial and harmful doses.

Question 9

Julio's pupils are dilated. He is breathing rapidly, and his heart is beating quickly. Which type of drug has Julio most likely consumed

Accepted Answer

Stimulants increase alertness, attention, and energy, as well as elevate blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. Julio's symptoms of dilated pupils, rapid breathing, and a quick heartbeat are characteristic effects of stimulant drugs.

Question 10

In explaining the effects of alcohol on aggression, the author of your text highlights the role of attention and expectations. The author's explanation is therefore most consistent with the _________ approach in psychology.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach in psychology focuses on how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences our perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. The explanation that highlights the role of attention and expectations in the effects of alcohol on aggression aligns with the cognitive approach because it emphasizes how our thoughts and perceptions (in this case, about alcohol and its effects) influence our behavior.

Question 11

Which alternative correctly arranges drugs in order of increasing safety ratio

Accepted Answer

The safety ratio is a measure of the relative safety of a drug, with a higher ratio indicating a safer drug. Heroin has a low safety ratio, alcohol is higher, and marijuana has the highest safety ratio among the three.

Question 12

How do depressants influence neurotransmitter activity in the brain

Accepted Answer

Depressants increase the production of GABA and decrease the production of acetylcholine. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces the activity of neurons, while acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter that increases the activity of neurons. By increasing GABA and decreasing acetylcholine, depressants slow down the activity of the brain and produce a calming effect.

Question 13

Which of the following alternatives correctly defines dependence

Accepted Answer

Dependence is characterized by a need to use a drug regularly, often to avoid withdrawal symptoms or to function normally.

Question 14

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effect of caffeine and the other stimulants on the nervous system

Accepted Answer

Caffeine and other stimulants increase sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to effects such as increased heart rate, alertness, and energy levels. This is part of the "fight or flight" response.

Question 15

Garth has had a number of drinks and cannot walk a straight line: The alcohol appears to have affected his:

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that regulates coordination, balance, and movement. Alcohol's effect on the cerebellum is what leads to difficulty walking a straight line.

Question 16

Psychoactive drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous system are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

Depressants are psychoactive drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous system, leading to effects such as relaxation, sedation, and decreased inhibition.

Question 17

The attention-deficit drugs Adderall and Vyvanse are examples of ________, which in turn belong to the _________ class.

Accepted Answer

Adderall and Vyvanse are both amphetamines, which are classified as stimulants. They are commonly prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by increasing focus and attention.

Question 18

After lunch, Katya enjoys a cup of coffee and a cigarette, thereby consuming two _________.

Accepted Answer

Coffee contains caffeine and cigarettes contain nicotine, both of which are stimulants.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is NOT a stimulant

Accepted Answer

Morphine is an opioid, not a stimulant.

Question 20

The _______ ratio is the dose of a drug that is likely to be fatal divided by the dose normally required to feel the drug's effects.

Accepted Answer

The safety ratio (also known as the therapeutic index) measures the safety of a drug by comparing the dose that causes a therapeutic effect to the dose that could cause death.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness

The high from snorting cocaine lasts minutes, while the high from smoking cocaine lasts minutes.