Question 1

The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed __________.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed 30% to maintain a healthy lifestyle and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Question 2

You are flipping through your instagram feed, which is full of pictures of food. Which of the following digestive processes did this most likely stimulate?

Accepted Answer

Seeing food, even in pictures, can stimulate the salivary glands to produce saliva, a process known as salivation. This is part of the body's preparatory digestive responses.

Question 3

Which of the following is a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Leafy greens are a good source of complex carbohydrates, which provide fiber and essential nutrients.

Question 4

What process must a cell perform to extract energy from proteins?

Accepted Answer

Deamination is the process by which amino groups are removed from amino acids, allowing the carbon skeletons to be converted into metabolic intermediates that can enter pathways like the citric acid cycle for energy production.

Question 5

Many vitamin supplements claim that they give you energy. This claim is most likely false because cells preferentially use __________ for energy.

Accepted Answer

Cells preferentially use carbohydrates for energy. Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are the primary source of energy for the body's cells, especially for the brain and muscles during exercise. Vitamins do not directly provide energy but are essential for converting food into energy.

Question 6

Plant proteins typically contain less than adequate amounts of __________.

Accepted Answer

Plant proteins often have lower amounts of some essential amino acids compared to animal proteins, making it important for those on plant-based diets to consume a variety of protein sources to ensure they get all essential amino acids.

Question 7

What is the condition that results from poor nutrition, lack of nutrients, or the failure to use them?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition is the condition that arises from poor nutrition, lack of nutrients, or the inability to utilize them properly, leading to various health issues.

Question 8

Ashmi is 5'10" and weighs 160 pounds. According to the BMI chart, is she at a healthy weight?

Accepted Answer

To determine if Ashmi is at a healthy weight, we calculate her Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI = (Weight in Pounds / (Height in inches x Height in inches)) x 703. For Ashmi, BMI = (160 / (70 x 70)) x 703 = 22.96. According to the BMI chart, a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered healthy. Therefore, Ashmi is at a healthy weight.

Question 9

All parts of the digestive tract have a mucosa layer. However, the appearance of the layer varies throughout the tract. Which of the following is a difference between the mucosa of the small and of the large intestines?

Accepted Answer

The mucosa of the small intestine has microvilli to increase the surface area for absorption, while the large intestine's mucosa does not have microvilli, as its primary function is to absorb water and salts rather than nutrients.

Question 10

The parotid gland is located __________ and functions to __________.

Accepted Answer

The parotid gland is located on the side of the mouth, just in front of the ear, and its primary function is to produce and secrete saliva, which aids in the initial digestion of food and keeps the mouth moist.

Question 11

What happens during the defecation reflex?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase is responsible for the breakdown of starch into smaller sugar molecules in the mouth, which can lead to a sweet taste when bread is chewed for a long time.

Question 13

The __________ is the layer of the alimentary-canal wall that absorbs nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ is the layer of the...

Question 14

Loperamide is a medication used to slow and stop diarrhea. It inhibits nervous signalling to the large intestine, relaxing the smooth muscles within the intestinal wall and preventing intestinal contents from moving forward. What type of movement does loperamide prevent?

Accepted Answer

Loperamide prevents mass movement, which is a type of movement in the large intestine that propels fecal matter towards the rectum. By inhibiting this, loperamide effectively slows down or stops diarrhea.

Question 15

Which of the following phases of swallowing is voluntary?

Accepted Answer

The voluntary phase of swallowing involves the action of the tongue pushing the bolus of food towards the pharynx. This is a conscious effort to initiate swallowing.

Question 16

Which of the following is stimulated by overdistention of the small-intestine wall?

Accepted Answer

Peristaltic rush is stimulated by overdistention of the small-intestine wall, which is a rapid movement of contents toward the colon to relieve the distention.

Question 17

A genetic mutation prevents the parietal cells of the gastric glands from secreting their typical products. What effect would this have on digestion within the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells are responsible for producing hydrochloric acid, which creates an acidic environment necessary for the activation of pepsinogen into pepsin, the enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the stomach. Without the production of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen would not be activated, and protein digestion would not occur in the stomach.

Question 18

What regulates the release of pancreatic digestive secretions?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone released by the cells in the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins in the food. CCK stimulates the pancreas to release its digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of these nutrients.

Question 19

Muscle cramps can be due to an electrolyte imbalance between sodium and potassium. The imbalance can be a result of poor nutrition. What food could be added to the diet to raise these minerals?

Accepted Answer

Avocados are rich in both potassium and sodium, which can help correct an electrolyte imbalance.

Question 20

Which of the following is a trace element?

Accepted Answer

Iron is considered a trace element because the body requires it in smaller amounts compared to other elements like potassium or magnesium. Trace elements are essential for health but needed in minute quantities.

Quiz 15: Digestion and Nutrition