Question 1

Research findings have suggested that it might not be the stressful event itself that lowers immune system functioning but rather the accompanying ___________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that depression is associated with lower immune function, whereas anger and other negative emotions have not consistently been linked to immune response. Dissociation and isolation may be related to stress, but they are not specifically mentioned in the question as factors that affect immune functioning.

Question 2

Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one's perceived sense of

Accepted Answer

Research shows that individuals who perceive a sense of control in stressful situations are less likely to experience stress and anxiety. This suggests that a perceived sense of control can help buffer the negative effects of stress.

Question 3

The immune system identifies and eliminates foreign materials, which are called

Accepted Answer

Foreign materials that trigger an immune response are known as antigens. Mitogens are substances that stimulate cell division, lymphokines are signaling molecules released by white blood cells, and antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize antigens.

Question 4

Based on your knowledge of recent research studies, which of the following people would you predict is LEAST likely to catch a cold following exposure to the virus?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that having a strong social network and good relationships can boost the immune system, making sociable individuals like Karen less likely to catch a cold.

Question 5

Contrary to the earlier belief that the brain and immune system operate independently of each other, scientists now know that

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that the brain and immune system are interconnected, with evidence supporting classical conditioning effects on the immune system, connections between the nervous and immune systems, and psychological influences on immune responses.

Question 6

Group psychotherapy for cancer patients tends to

Accepted Answer

Group psychotherapy for cancer patients has been shown to increase survival times, likely due to the psychological support and stress reduction it provides, which can have positive effects on physical health.

Question 7

B cells are associated with ________ immunity, while T cells are associated with ______ immunity.

Accepted Answer

B cells are associated with humoral immunity, which involves the production of antibodies that can neutralize pathogens outside of cells. T cells are associated with cellular immunity, which involves the activation of immune cells to directly attack infected or cancerous cells.

Question 8

Too many T4 (helper) cells can result in

Accepted Answer

Too many T4 cells can lead to an overactive immune system, which can attack the body's own tissues and result in an autoimmune disease.

Question 9

Psychoneuroimmunology focuses on the study of

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system.

Question 10

The work of Cohen and his associates suggests that

Accepted Answer

Cohen's research indicates that higher stress levels can lead to more severe cold symptoms, highlighting the impact of stress on physical health.

Question 11

The cells of the humoral immune system that produce immunoglobulins are called

Accepted Answer

B cells are the cells of the humoral immune system that produce immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, NK cells are responsible for killing virus-infected cells and tumor cells, and macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 12

Which of the following immune cells enhance immune system responses by signalling B cells to produce antibodies and signalling other T cells to destroy antigens?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells play a crucial role in the immune system by activating B cells to produce antibodies and signaling other T cells to attack and destroy antigens.

Question 13

All of the following situations have been associated with lowered immune system functioning EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy is not associated with lowered immune system functioning but rather a temporary increase in immune system activity to protect the developing fetus. Marital conflict or relationship difficulties, job loss, and death of a loved one have all been linked to lowered immune system functioning.

Question 14

In 2011, it was estimated that the total number of people afflicted with HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, was slightly more than _______ million.

Accepted Answer

In 2011, it was estimated that around 34 million people worldwide were living with HIV, reflecting the global impact of the virus.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about AIDS is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The median time for the development of full-blown AIDS from HIV infection is around seven to ten years.

Question 16

The immune system is weakened in AIDS patients because the human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the lymphocytes called

Accepted Answer

The human immunodeficiency virus directly attacks the T4 (helper cells), thus weakening the immune system in AIDS patients.

Question 17

AIDS is now treated with new combinations of drugs called 'highly active antiretroviral therapy'(HAART), which

Accepted Answer

HAART is a combination of antiretroviral drugs that can suppress the replication of the HIV virus in people who are HIV positive. While it does not cure AIDS or eliminate the virus from the body, it can greatly improve the quality and length of life for those living with HIV/AIDS. While HAART can cause side effects, they can typically be managed with medications and regular monitoring.

Question 18

Stress affects immune function

Accepted Answer

Stress can affect immune function within a short period, such as two hours, after exposure to a stressful event, as stress hormones can quickly alter immune responses.

Question 19

Lunga has recently started losing weight, has developed a fever and experiences night sweats.He may be have

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are indicative of AIDS-related complex (ARC), which is a condition that occurs in some individuals infected with HIV, characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, fever, and night sweats.

Question 20

Estimates regarding the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa indicate that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Estimates regarding the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in...

Quiz 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology Physical Disorders and Health Psychology