Question 1

Europeans are more likely to have hypertension than North Americans.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have found that hypertension is more prevalent in Europe compared to North America. The reasons for this difference are not entirely clear, but may include differences in lifestyle, dietary habits, and genetic predisposition.

Question 2

Interventions by health psychologists for cardiovascular disease tend to involve:

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle changes, such as exercise, diet modification, smoking cessation, and stress reduction, have been found to be effective interventions for preventing and managing cardiovascular disease. Tertiary care and hospital treatment are more typically provided by medical professionals, while assessments using fMRI are not typically used in cardiovascular disease interventions.

Question 3

Canadians tend to be aware of their cardiovascular health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Canadians tend to be aware of their...

Question 4

Among those suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, bowel disorders, and stomach and intestinal ulcers, which psychological disorder is mostly found according to Gadalla (2008)?

Accepted Answer

According to Gadalla (2008), mood disorders are mostly found among individuals suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, bowel disorders, and stomach and intestinal ulcers.

Question 5

Type A personality is a good predictor of coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that Type A personality alone is not a good predictor of coronary heart disease. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, and cholesterol levels are more significant predictors.

Question 6

Mammograms are still the preferred screening tool for women at high risk of developing breast cancer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mammograms are still the preferred screening tool...

Question 7

Treatment for psychophysiological disorders should include a physician and a mental health professional.

Accepted Answer

Psychophysiological disorders, also known as psychosomatic disorders, involve the interaction between the mind and the body. Therefore, treatment for these disorders should involve a combination of medical and mental health professionals. The physician can address any physical symptoms or conditions, while the mental health professional can address any underlying psychological issues that may be contributing to the disorder.

Question 8

What are the goals of health psychology and behavioural medicine?

Accepted Answer

The goals of health psychology and behavioural medicine are to understand how psychological, behavioural, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness, and to develop interventions to improve health outcomes. One of the main goals is to alter distressed psychological states such as stress, anxiety, and depression, which can have negative impacts on physical health. Altering all lifestyle habits (option A) and altering physiological processes (option C) may be part of some interventions but are not the sole goals of health psychology and behavioural medicine. Altering perceptions about mental health (option D) is not one of the stated goals.

Question 9

Which field specifically studies the role of psychological factors in health?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral medicine specifically studies the role of psychological factors in health, including how behavior, attitudes, and emotions can affect physical health and illness. Psychiatry focuses more on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, while clinical social work involves providing social and psychological support to individuals and families in various settings. Pediatrics focuses on the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.

Question 10

The social gradient of health refers to the notion that people with better social lives are in better health.

Accepted Answer

The social gradient of health refers to the fact that inequalities in population health status are related to inequalities in social status, not the quality of social lives. This means that individuals who are less advantaged in terms of socioeconomic position (income, education, occupation) have worse health outcomes compared to those who are more advantaged.

Question 11

Disorders that are physical in nature but worsened by psychological factors are

Accepted Answer

Psychophysiological disorders are physical conditions that are influenced by psychological factors, such as stress or emotions. These factors can exacerbate or trigger symptoms, but there is still an underlying physical basis for the disorder. Conversion disorders and somatoform disorders may have physical symptoms, but they are not fully explained by a medical condition and have a stronger psychological component. Pain disorders may also have both physical and psychological components, but may not necessarily be worsened by psychological factors.

Question 12

Hypertension is called essential hypertension when the root cause is known.

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension is actually hypertension with no identifiable cause or underlying medical condition. It is also known as primary or idiopathic hypertension.

Question 13

Which of the following views was fostered when DSM began requiring diagnostic judgments of psychological factors affecting medical conditions?

Accepted Answer

DSM began requiring diagnostic judgments of psychological factors affecting medical conditions to foster the view that all medical problems may result, in part, from psychological factors.

Question 14

According to the gate-control theory of pain, it is possible to be shot and not feel pain.

Accepted Answer

The gate-control theory of pain suggests that pain signals from nerve fibers can be blocked or filtered by other nerve fibers, depending on various factors such as past experiences, expectations, and attention. Therefore, it is possible that a person could be shot and not feel pain, depending on the circumstances and individual differences. However, it should be noted that being shot can also cause other types of physical sensations and physiological responses, such as pressure, heat, and shock, which may be perceived as painful or alarming.

Question 15

Type D personality is a good predictor or coronary heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with Type D personality, characterized by high levels of negative emotions and social inhibition, have an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Question 16

Charles' hypertension is worsened by chronic anxiety, characterized by tension, palpitations, sweating, and numbness in his limbs. How would his condition be diagnosed in the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Charles' hypertension is worsened by chronic anxiety, which falls under the category of psychological factors affecting other medical conditions.

Question 17

According to your textbook, __________ is the leading cause of death in Canada.

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in Canada, accounting for approximately 30% of all deaths. Cancer is the second leading cause of death, followed by respiratory diseases and accidents. Suicide ranks as the ninth leading cause of death in Canada.

Question 18

Another term for psychophysiological disorders is

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic disorders are another term for psychophysiological disorders. This is because they involve a combination of psychological and physical symptoms, where psychological factors are believed to play a role in the onset or exacerbation of physical symptoms. Somatoform disorders (A) typically involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition, while somatization disorders (B) involve multiple chronic physical complaints. Psychomimetic disorders (D) refer to conditions in which a person mimics symptoms of a medical condition for secondary gain, such as attention or financial compensation.

Question 19

Angina pectoris is another term for heart attack.

Accepted Answer

Angina pectoris is not another term for heart attack. It is a medical condition that causes chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart. A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, resulting in damage to the heart muscle.

Question 20

Roy Romanow (2003) in his report Improving the Health of Canadians listed several elements relating to the importance of social context in people's health. Which one of the following was stated in Romanow's report?

Accepted Answer

Romanow's report emphasized the broad determinants of health, including socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and community environment, which are reflected in all the options provided.

Quiz 9: Psychophysiological Disorders and Health Psychology