Question 1

Families high in expressed emotion are lower in schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Families high in expressed emotion have actually been found to be a risk factor for schizophrenia. Expressed emotion refers to the level of criticism, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement expressed by family members towards a relative with a mental illness, and high levels of expressed emotion have been linked to higher rates of relapse and poorer outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia.

Question 2

Schwartz et al. (2006) reported that _____ of a sample of individuals with schizophrenia showed evidence of substance use disorders.

Accepted Answer

Schwartz et al. (2006) reported that 37% of individuals with schizophrenia showed evidence of substance use disorders.

Question 3

The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is:
...

Question 4

The ultimate goal of treatment for schizophrenia is for the patient to be medication and symptom free.

Accepted Answer

While the ultimate goal of treatment for schizophrenia is to improve the patient's symptoms and quality of life, it may not always be possible for them to be completely medication and symptom free. For some patients, a slight reduction in symptoms may be considered successful treatment.

Question 5

A recent Canadian study (McMillan et al., 2009) examined the U.S. National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The researchers found the following regarding comorbid disorders among individuals with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

The study found that comorbid personality disorders, substance-use disorders (especially cannabis and alcohol dependence), and mood and anxiety syndromes may impact the course and clinical management of schizophrenia. Therefore, treatment should consist of evaluation and attention to all of these factors for optimal outcomes.

Question 6

Whitehorn et al. (2004), from Nova Scotia, revealed that the rate of hospitalization of individuals suffering for schizophrenia was:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whitehorn et al. (2004), from Nova Scotia,...

Question 7

The male:female ratio in schizophrenia is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The male:female ratio in schizophrenia is:
...

Question 8

Haloperidol (Haldol) is the single best medication for treating schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

While haloperidol can be an effective medication for treating certain symptoms of schizophrenia, there is no single best medication that works for everyone. Treatment needs to be tailored to the individual and may involve a combination of medications and therapies.

Question 9

More homeless Americans are mentally ill than homeless Canadians.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More homeless Americans are mentally ill than...

Question 10

One goal of family therapy for schizophrenia is to reduce expressed emotion.

Accepted Answer

Family therapy for schizophrenia often focuses on reducing expressed emotion within the family, as high levels of expressed emotion (such as criticism, hostility, or emotional over-involvement) have been linked to poorer outcomes and higher rates of relapse for individuals with schizophrenia. By reducing expressed emotion and improving communication and problem-solving within the family, family therapy can help to create a more supportive and less stressful environment for the individual with schizophrenia, which can in turn improve their overall wellbeing and prognosis.

Question 11

Case management for schizophrenic patients grew out of the dehospitalization movement.

Accepted Answer

Case management for schizophrenic patients grew out of the dehospitalization movement, which aimed to provide community-based care and support for individuals with mental illnesses instead of confining them in long-term hospital settings.

Question 12

In Canada the suicide rate among individuals with schizophrenia is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Canada the suicide rate among individuals...

Question 13

Conley et al. (2007) prospectively measured the link between depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in long-term treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Results showed that about _____ were depressed at the outset.

Accepted Answer

According to the information given in the question, the percentage of individuals who were depressed at the outset of the study is not explicitly provided.

Question 14

Medication is the least important component of a schizophrenia treatment program.

Accepted Answer

Medication is an important component of a schizophrenia treatment program, along with therapy, support services, and lifestyle management. The specific medication prescribed may vary based on the individual's symptoms and needs, but it is generally considered a crucial part of managing the condition.

Question 15

Cognitive-behavioural therapy can be helpful for patients with schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms and improving outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. It is often used in combination with medication and other forms of therapy. CBT can help patients learn to manage their symptoms, cope with stress, and improve their relationships with others.

Question 16

Goldner et al.'s meta-analysis of cultural differences in schizophrenia indicated that:

Accepted Answer

Goldner et al.'s meta-analysis found that Asian populations tend to have lower prevalence rates of schizophrenia compared to other regions.

Question 17

Data support the social-selection theory over the sociogenic hypothesis to explain the relationship between low social class and schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals from lower social classes have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia compared to those from higher social classes. However, this relationship is better explained by the social-selection theory, which suggests that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia are more likely to drift into lower social classes due to their symptoms and impairments. In contrast, the sociogenic hypothesis suggests that the stressors and adversities associated with low social class contribute to the development of schizophrenia. However, research has failed to consistently support this hypothesis.

Question 18

Conley et al. (2007) prospectively measured the link between depressive symptoms and functional outcomes in long-term treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. Results showed that at 3-year follow-up, those who were depressed at the outset were also:

Accepted Answer

The study found that individuals who were depressed at the outset were more likely to have poorer functional outcomes, including being a safety concern (e.g., violent, arrested, victimized, suicidal). They were not less likely to use relapse-related mental health resources or have better medication adherence.

Question 19

Lobotomies were replaced by medication as the primary biological treatment for schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Lobotomies were a common form of treatment for schizophrenia in the mid-20th century, but they were largely replaced by medication in the 1950s and 1960s as safer and more effective drugs became available.

Question 20

Schizophrenia involves major disturbances in:

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia involves major disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior. Symptoms may include delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking and speech, flattened affect or emotional expression, and disorganized or catatonic behavior.

Quiz 11: Schizophrenia