Question 1

Njabulo is playing a game in which she has to answer questions regarding the meaning of 10 random words. This sort of game would be most challenging to Njabulo's

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of memory that stores general knowledge and facts, including the meanings of words. Therefore, a game involving questions regarding the meaning of words would be most challenging to Njabulo's semantic memory. Implicit memory refers to the unconscious retrieval of information, while episodic memory is related to personal experiences. Selective attention refers to the ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions, which may not be the primary challenge in this situation.

Question 2

When Thando is asked, 'What's 2 + 2?' the answer just seems to pop into her head. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Thando's ability to recall the answer to a simple arithmetic problem without conscious effort suggests the use of implicit memory, which is responsible for automatic or unconscious recall of information. Attentional control, cross-linking, and explicit memory are unrelated to this scenario.

Question 3

Mbali suspects that she has some memory deficit. What kind of assessment should she undergo?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological assessment is the most appropriate choice for evaluating memory deficits. This type of assessment evaluates various cognitive functions, including memory, attention, language, and executive function, to determine the specific nature and extent of the deficit. It can also help identify underlying neurological or medical conditions that may be contributing to the memory impairment. COPD (A) is a chronic lung condition and not relevant to memory deficits. Selective attention (D) and divided attention (B) are cognitive functions that may be evaluated within a neuropsychological assessment, but they alone do not provide a comprehensive evaluation of memory deficits.

Question 4

How many of these are examples of internal memory aids: a calendar, a diary, class notes, and mental notes?

Accepted Answer

Internal memory aids are techniques or methods used within one's mind without external tools, so mental notes are the only example of internal memory aids among the options given.

Question 5

Gugu is recalling the time last year that she hiked up a big hill in the rain with a group of her friends. This memory would be best described as a(n) ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories are those that are associated with a particular event, time or place. This memory of hiking up a hill in the rain with her friends is a specific event that Gugu can recall, making it an episodic memory.

Question 6

The key characteristic of an explicit memory is that it is

Accepted Answer

An explicit memory is a deliberate, conscious recollection of past events, facts, or information. It requires conscious effort to recall and retrieve the information from long-term memory. Choices A and B are irrelevant and not true, while choice C is not accurate since explicit memories are associated with a specific time and context.

Question 7

When asked how she is able to remember the names of all the students in her class, Dr Hadebe says, 'I just try to match each student's face to an image of a famous person.' This technique best exemplifies the concept of

Accepted Answer

Dr Hadebe's technique of matching each student's face to an image of a famous person is an example of an internal memory aid, which is a strategy used to improve memory processes. The use of such aids is a common technique in memory research and is intended to enhance learning and retention of information.

Question 8

Storing a new acquaintance's picture in one's smartphone so that one can recall what he looks like provides a good example of an ____ memory aid.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is conscious and deliberate memory, while implicit memory is unconscious and unintentional. Storing the acquaintance's picture in one's smartphone is a conscious and deliberate effort, and therefore an example of explicit memory. Additionally, the picture is stored externally (in the smartphone), making it an explicit-external memory aid.

Question 9

One would expect the greatest differences between older and younger adults on tasks assessing ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves the recollection of specific events and experiences that occurred in the past. This type of memory is particularly vulnerable to age-related decline, with older adults typically showing worse performance than younger adults on tasks assessing episodic memory. In contrast, implicit, semantic, and procedural memory tend to be more stable across the lifespan, with little to no age-related declines observed.

Question 10

Which factor is least likely to help someone become wise?

Accepted Answer

A crisis-free life may prevent someone from experiencing and learning from difficult situations, which can be a source of wisdom. Experts, leadership experience, and mental ability can all contribute to wisdom, but are not as important as life experience and the ability to learn from it.

Question 11

In preparing for a date in court, Ayesha commits the details of the case to memory. This sort of conscious preparation and remembering of information is an example of ____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory is conscious, intentional remembering of information. It involves encoding, storage, and retrieval of information that can be consciously known and declared. Ayesha committing the details of the case to memory in preparation for the court date is an example of explicit memory. Implicit memory is non-conscious or unconscious remembering of information, such as skills or habits. Sensory memory is a brief storage of sensory information. Working memory is a system for temporarily holding and manipulating information in the short term. None of these are relevant to Ayesha's conscious preparation for the court case, making explicit memory the best choice.

Question 12

If an individual cheats on this exam by looking at notes they have taken, they are using a(n) ____ memory aid.

Accepted Answer

External memory aids are physical objects or information outside the individual that can help with memory, such as notes or a phone. Cheating on an exam by looking at notes is an example of using an external memory aid.

Question 13

The key question in determining whether or not Karabo should be concerned about her memory is

Accepted Answer

The key concern should be whether or not Karabo's memory issue is impacting her daily life. It is not about the frequency or number of times she forgets things, but whether or not it is causing problems in her daily routine. The opinion of others is not relevant; what is important is how Karabo is experiencing the problem herself.

Question 14

What is the general age-related pattern of creativity when defined by the overall number of ideas an individual generates?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the overall number of ideas generated in creativity follows a pattern of being lower in one's 30s, higher in one's 40s, and then declining thereafter. This decline may be due to factors such as cognitive decline and decreased exposure to novel experiences.

Question 15

The rate of severe depression

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rate of severe depression
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Question 16

Which statement is most accurate about the level of detail remembered about past events?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that older adults generally remember fewer details from past events than younger adults. This may be due to age-related declines in working memory and cognitive processing speed. Young adults, on the other hand, are more likely to use details from past events to encode and consolidate new memories.

Question 17

Which statement regarding wisdom is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Wisdom is not solely determined by age; it is influenced by a variety of factors including experiences, reflection, and learning, and can be found in individuals of any age.

Question 18

Which statement concerning autobiographical memory development is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement concerning autobiographical memory development is...

Question 19

Ayanda has a great deal of knowledge, which she applies skilfully to most any situation. She does not turn her back on the difficult problems in life, but rather applies her great knowledge to give expert advice in order to aid individuals and society. Ayanda would best be described as exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Ayanda's ability to apply her knowledge to difficult situations and offer expert advice suggests that she is wise.

Question 20

After learning the E-I-E-I-O framework, Musa uses rehearsal to recall his new student ID number. This would be an example of an ____ memory aid.

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is a conscious, deliberate process to remember information, making it an explicit-internal memory aid.

Quiz 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues