Question 1

When discussing the Heinz dilemma, Neli says, 'I would steal the drug, because when they marry, a husband promises to love, cherish, and protect his wife until death do they part. Thus, it is his social responsibility to steal the drug to help his wife.' This type of response best fits with the ____ stage in Kohlberg's model of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's fourth stage is the social contract orientation, which emphasizes the importance of social rules and obligations. Neli's response reflects this stage because she believes that the husband has a social responsibility to steal the drug to help his wife.

Question 2

Pre-conventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.

Accepted Answer

Pre-conventional moral reasoning is based on external forces, such as rewards and punishments. It is the first stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, where individuals are motivated by self-interest and obedience to avoid punishment and gain rewards.

Question 3

Moral reasoning based on social contracts is best identified with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's fifth stage of moral reasoning, called the Social Contract Orientation, is based on the idea that moral reasoning involves not only individual rights and social duties but also the principles of mutually agreed-upon social standards. Individuals at this stage view laws as social contracts rather than as absolute decrees, and they believe that moral principles are not fixed but rather can be adjusted through social consensus. Kohlberg believed that individuals who reach this stage are able to reconcile conflicts between individual rights and the needs of the community, making them valuable members of society.

Question 4

A person in the first stage of pre-conventional moral reasoning relies heavily on ____ when making a moral judgement.

Accepted Answer

In the first stage of pre-conventional moral reasoning, individuals base their moral judgments on obedience to authority, such as parents or law enforcement. They seek to avoid punishment and gain rewards. Adherence to laws and personal moral codes are not as important in this stage. Random guessing is not a factor in moral judgment.

Question 5

Khetiwe thinks she should go out with Bongani, an unattractive, social misfit, because 'If I don't go out with him, people will think I'm really mean.' Khetiwe is most likely in Kohlberg's ____ level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Khetiwe is concerned with what others think about her, which is a characteristic of the conventional level of moral reasoning. She believes that going out with Bongani will make her look less mean in the eyes of others, rather than making a decision based on her own moral principles or values.

Question 6

Post-conventional moral thinking is characterised by judgements made according to a(n)

Accepted Answer

Post-conventional moral thinking is the highest level of moral reasoning described by Lawrence Kohlberg, where individuals make judgements based on their own principles and values rather than external rules or societal expectations. Therefore, it is characterized by a personal code of behavior.

Question 7

When discussing the Heinz dilemma, a decision based on ____ would indicate that a person is at the instrumental orientation stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The instrumental orientation stage of moral reasoning, part of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is characterized by an individual's focus on direct consequences to themselves, such as personal inconvenience, rather than on laws, universal moral codes, or obedience to authority.

Question 8

Morality based on adherence to societal law and order is best associated with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Morality based on adherence to societal law...

Question 9

When considering the Heinz dilemma, Rhulani says, 'You cannot justify theft, because if you do, it will lead to social anarchy.' This statement best matches the logic of someone at Kohlberg's ____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When considering the Heinz dilemma, Rhulani says,...

Question 10

Jakob's statement, 'My moral compass is based on the simple premise that one must always adhere to social norms' indicates that he is operating at the ____ level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Jacob's moral compass is based on adherence to social norms, indicating that he values the opinions and expectations of society. This is in line with the conventional level of moral reasoning, where individuals conform to societal norms and rules in order to maintain social order and avoid disapproval.

Question 11

Which of Kohlberg's levels places the greatest emphasis on morality as a function of the expectations others hold toward you?

Accepted Answer

The conventional level places the greatest emphasis on morality as a function of the expectations others hold toward you. At this level, individuals seek to conform to societal expectations and rules, believing that this is the right thing to do in order to maintain social order and gain approval from others.

Question 12

When asked how he makes moral judgements, 15-year-old Solomon says, 'I do what my father says is right.' This comment indicates that he is in the ____ level of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When asked how he makes moral judgements,...

Question 13

The phrase 'good girl and good boy' is best associated with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's third stage of moral thinking is called the "good boy/good girl" orientation. In this stage, individuals strive to maintain the approval and affection of those around them by being perceived as "good." They adhere to social norms and values not because of a sense of morality, but in order to avoid disapproval and maintain positive relationships with others.

Question 14

When considering whether or not to be nice to a classmate, Zola says, 'If I am nice to Shamima, she might reply the next time I send her an SMS.' This type of logic best exemplifies thinking at Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

This reasoning reflects Kohlberg's second stage of moral development, which is characterized by a focus on self-interest and reciprocal benefits, often described as "what's in it for me?" thinking.

Question 15

Moral reasoning based on instrumental orientation tends to occur at the ____ level of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning based on instrumental orientation is focused on obtaining rewards or avoiding punishment. This is characteristic of pre-conventional thinking, which is the earliest level of moral development according to Kohlberg's theory. At this level, individuals make moral decisions based on self-interest and obedience to authority.

Question 16

When considering the Heinz dilemma, Jabu says that he would not steal the drug because his mommy told him that stealing was wrong, and people who steal get into trouble. This consideration indicates that Jabu is most likely in Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Jabu's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and following rules set by authority figures, which aligns with Kohlberg's first stage of moral development, known as the "obedience and punishment orientation" stage.

Question 17

When discussing the Heinz dilemma, Lindiwe says, 'I wouldn't steal the drug because I would not want anyone thinking of me as a thief.' This type of logic best fits with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Lindiwe's reasoning is focused on societal expectations and the opinions of others, which is characteristic of the third stage of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg's theory. This stage is also known as the "good boy/girl" stage, where individuals are motivated to behave in ways that will earn the approval of others and maintain social order.

Question 18

When considering the Heinz dilemma, Bandile says that he would steal the drug because then his wife might bake him a cake to repay him for saving her. This thinking indicates that Bandile is most likely in Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Bandile's reasoning is based on a reciprocal exchange, which is characteristic of the second stage of Kohlberg's moral development, known as the "individualism and exchange" stage.

Question 19

When Dumi and Kgatello are debating whether or not to steal a cool car they just found, Dumi says, 'It's wrong to steal the car because there are laws against stealing, and no one is above the law.' This type of thinking best fits with Kohlberg's ____ level of moral thinking.

Accepted Answer

Dumi's reasoning is focused on following the law and the social norms that have been established. This is characteristic of the conventional level of moral thinking according to Kohlberg's theory.

Question 20

Kohlberg used the label ____ when referring to the first level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg used the label "pre-conventional" when referring to the first level of moral reasoning. This level is characterized by a focus on individual self-interest and the avoidance of punishment.

Quiz 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence