Question 1

A stigma is considered discrediting because it

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stigma is considered discrediting because it
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Question 2

The key to minority status is smaller numbers relative to the majority population.

Accepted Answer

Minority status is determined not just by numerical inferiority but also by patterns of disadvantage or discrimination. A group can be a minority even if it is numerically larger if it lacks power, resources, or rights compared to the dominant group.

Question 3

In the United States, people classified as white have a great deal of freedom to claim a non-European ethnic identity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, people classified as...

Question 4

The process by which members of a minority group adapt to the ways of the dominant group is known as melting pot assimilation

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as assimilation, but "melting pot" refers to a metaphor for a society where many different types of people blend together as one. Assimilation specifically involves the minority group adopting the dominant group's culture.

Question 5

People who belong to a minority group are treated as members of a category.

Accepted Answer

People who belong to a minority group are often stereotyped and treated as being a member of a category, rather than as individuals with their own unique qualities and experiences. This can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and inequality.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of mixed contacts?

Accepted Answer

The statement that the stigmatised are sure that everyone they meet will view them in a negative light is not a characteristic of mixed contacts. Mixed contacts involve interactions where the stigmatised and 'normals' may have varying perceptions, and not all interactions are assumed to be negative by the stigmatised.

Question 7

The distinction between prejudice and discrimination is that

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to a negative attitude or belief towards a group, while discrimination refers to actions or behaviour towards that group. Therefore, prejudice is an attitude and discrimination is a behaviour.

Question 8

Mary's supervisor tells her that the only way to prevent theft is to follow black customers as they shop.Mary complies because she does not want to lose her job.Mary is a

Accepted Answer

Mary is a non-prejudiced discriminator because she is following the discriminatory policy not out of personal prejudice but because she is following orders to avoid losing her job.

Question 9

The civil rights movement in the United States was a response to individual discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The civil rights movement in the United States was a response to systemic discrimination and institutionalized racism, not just individual acts of discrimination.

Question 10

Distinguishing between race and ethnicity is complicated because racial and ethnic identities are intertwined.

Accepted Answer

Race and ethnicity are both social constructs that are often based on physical characteristics, cultural practices, and shared histories. However, they are not interchangeable terms. Race refers to a group of people who share biological or physical traits, such as skin color or facial features, while ethnicity refers to a group of people who share cultural traditions, language, or nationality. Despite these differences, racial and ethnic identities can overlap and influence each other, making it challenging to separate them entirely.

Question 11

Goffman used the term 'normal' to mean

Accepted Answer

In Goffman's theory, the term 'normal' referred to individuals who possess no discrediting attribute, meaning they fit in with societal norms and are not seen as different or deviant. This is distinct from terms like healthy or well-adjusted, which are more focused on an individual's physical or psychological state, whereas Goffman is more concerned with how others perceive individuals in social situations. The term 'free of pathology' is also not the best choice, as it has more to do with medical diagnoses and may not necessarily relate to social interactions.

Question 12

Institutionalised discrimination can exist even if most members are not prejudiced.

Accepted Answer

Institutionalised discrimination refers to the policies or practices of an institution that systematically lead to unequal outcomes for certain groups, even if most members of that institution are not personally prejudiced. This can occur through practices such as hiring bias, unequal access to resources or opportunities, or exclusionary policies that disproportionately affect certain groups.

Question 13

Jerome admits that "whenever someone would break out the inevitable 'black joke', I would be angered, but I didn't want to jeopardise my own social standing by speaking up".Jerome's behaviour and conflicting attitude represents that of a(n)

Accepted Answer

Jerome's behavior indicates that while he does not personally agree with the prejudiced jokes (suggesting he is not prejudiced), he still participates in or allows the discrimination to occur by not speaking up, due to fear of jeopardizing his social standing. This makes him a non-prejudiced discriminator.

Question 14

Historically, race- and ethnic-related considerations have played major roles in any country's immigration policy.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Throughout history, immigration policies have been influenced by considerations related to race and ethnicity. Examples include the Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States, the White Australia policy, and the deportations and ethnic cleansing of indigenous peoples by various governments.

Question 15

__________ is unequal treatment (intentional or unintentional) on the basis of ascribed attributes, such as race and gender.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination refers to treating someone differently or unfairly on the basis of their ascribed attributes, such as race, gender, or age. Prejudice refers to holding negative attitudes or beliefs about a group of people without knowing them as individuals. Racism specifically refers to discrimination and prejudice based on someone's race. Stereotyping is making assumptions about someone based on their perceived group membership. While discrimination can be intentional or unintentional, the other options refer more specifically to attitudes or beliefs.

Question 16

Individual choice regarding race is constrained by chance and context.

Accepted Answer

Individual choice regarding race is influenced by factors such as one's genetic makeup and the social and cultural environment in which they live. These factors are often beyond the individual's control and shape their perceptions and attitudes towards race. Additionally, structural inequalities and discrimination can limit opportunities and influence individual choices related to race.

Question 17

__________ is the established and customary way of doing things in society that keeps minority members in a disadvantaged position.

Accepted Answer

Institutionalised discrimination refers to the way of doing things in society that keeps minority members in a disadvantaged position. This includes laws, policies, and practices that may not be intentionally discriminatory, but have a disproportionate impact on certain groups. It is deeply ingrained in the institutional structures and norms of a society, making it pervasive and difficult to eradicate.

Question 18

Discrimination is a behaviour prejudice is an attitude.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination involves treating someone unfairly based on their characteristics such as race, gender or religion, while prejudice is a preconceived opinion or attitude towards a particular group. Therefore, discrimination is a behaviour while prejudice is an attitude.

Question 19

There are two kinds of assimilation: absorption assimilation and melting pot assimilation.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Absorption assimilation refers to the process of a minority group being absorbed into the dominant culture while maintaining some of their own cultural practices. Melting pot assimilation refers to the process of all cultures melting together into one homogeneous culture.

Question 20

According to sociologist Erving Goffman, the very anticipation of contact can cause the 'normals' and the stigmatised to try to avoid one another.This is because the two parties

Accepted Answer

Goffman's theory states that the normals and stigmatised may feel discomfort, rejection and suspicion from the other group due to social stigma. They may try to avoid contact with one another to avoid these negative experiences.

Quiz 11: Race