Question 1

People who are physically attractive are viewed as ____ than less attractive people.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that physically attractive people are often viewed as more friendly, well adjusted, and competent than less attractive individuals. They are also perceived as more trustworthy and persuasive. However, there is no evidence to suggest that physically attractive people are more conceited or arrogant.

Question 2

Research on physical attractiveness has shown that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people tend to ascribe desirable personality characteristics, such as intelligence and kindness, to physically attractive individuals. This phenomenon is known as the "halo effect."

Question 3

Newton believes that all airline pilots are calm, cool individuals who never get excited or show any strong emotional responses.In this case, Newton's beliefs about the traits and behaviours of airline pilots are one example of

Accepted Answer

Newton's beliefs about airline pilots are based on a stereotype, which is a broad and overgeneralized belief about a group of individuals. Stereotypes often involve assumptions about the traits and behaviours of a particular group, and they can be inaccurate and unfair.

Question 4

A group that one belongs to and identifies with is known as

Accepted Answer

An ingroup is a social group that a person belongs to and identifies with, while an outgroup is a group that a person does not belong to and may hold negative attitudes towards. Stereotypes and social schemas refer to cognitive frameworks and are not necessarily tied to a specific group membership.

Question 5

Which of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others?

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary theory, physical attractiveness was an indicator of reproductive potential in our ancestors. Therefore, we have developed a preference for attractiveness as it increases our chances of selecting a mate with good genes who will produce healthy offspring.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a reason evolutionary psychologists propose to explain the biases associated with person perception?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists propose that person perception biases developed as a way to quickly categorize others as friend or foe, as physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive potential of females and health and vigor of males. There is no evidence to suggest that physical attractiveness was associated primarily with friends and not foes.

Question 7

A group that one does not belong to, or identify with, is known as

Accepted Answer

An outgroup is a group that one does not belong to or identify with. Stereotypes and social schemas refer to beliefs and frameworks for understanding groups, while an ingroup is the group that one belongs to or identifies with.

Question 8

In terms of personality characteristics, people who are good looking tend to be viewed as

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that people who are viewed as physically attractive are perceived as more sociable, friendly, and warm than those who are not considered as attractive. This may be due to the fact that attractive people receive more positive attention and social validation, which can lead to more outgoing and comfortable personalities.

Question 9

Which of the following people are MOST likely to be viewed as more competent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people are MOST...

Question 10

Person perception refers to the process of

Accepted Answer

Person perception involves the process of forming impressions of others based on various cues such as verbal and nonverbal communication, physical appearance, and behavior.

Question 11

According to evolutionary psychologists, we tend to view members of outgroups

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that we tend to view members of outgroups in terms of negative stereotypes, as a way of preserving our own group's identity and protecting ourselves from perceived threats. This phenomenon is known as the "outgroup derogation" effect.

Question 12

The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by others is

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others. Individual psychology primarily focuses on the individual's own unconscious mind and their unique experiences. Abnormal psychology deals with abnormal thinking, behavior, and functioning. Cultural psychology studies the impact of culture on an individual's behavior and mental processes.

Question 13

The subfield of psychology that studies attitudes, the attribution process, person perceptions, interpersonal attraction, conformity and obedience and group behaviour is known as

Accepted Answer

The subfield that studies attitudes, attribution process, person perceptions, interpersonal attraction, conformity and obedience, and group behaviour is known as social psychology. Choice D is the only option that accurately describes this subfield. Environmental psychology (A) studies the interaction between individuals and their environment, while neuropsychology (B) studies the relationship between the brain and behavior. Sociocultural psychology (C) studies the influence of culture and society on behavior and mental processes.

Question 14

Marsha believes that all news reporters are cynical, doubting individuals who would sell their souls for an exclusive story.In this case, Marsha's beliefs about the traits and behaviours of news reporters are one example of

Accepted Answer

Marsha's beliefs about news reporters are an example of stereotypes, which are generalizations about a group of people that are based on limited and often inaccurate information. Stereotypes can be harmful because they can lead to unfair treatment and discrimination. The fundamental attribution error is a tendency to overemphasize dispositional explanations for other people's behavior, while underemphasizing situational explanations. Confirmation bias is a tendency to seek out information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs, while ignoring information that contradicts them. The matching hypothesis is a theory that suggests that people tend to form romantic relationships with individuals who are similar to themselves in terms of physical attractiveness and other personal traits.

Question 15

Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership. Option A is incorrect because cognitive structuring is a general term used to describe how the brain organizes and categorizes information. Option B is incorrect because there is no term called cultural direction. Option D is incorrect because schematising is not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 16

Jim just saw a photograph of a professor whom he has not met.Research suggests that based on the picture, Jim can probably make meaningful inferences about all of the following EXCEPT the professor's

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that it is difficult to accurately infer someone's income based on their appearance alone, as income is often not directly correlated with physical appearance. However, traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, and self-esteem are more likely to be inferred based on facial expressions and body language.

Question 17

Evolutionary psychologists ascribe much of the bias in person perception to cognitive mechanisms that have been shaped by

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists believe that much of the bias in person perception is a result of natural selection shaping cognitive mechanisms in our brains in order to increase our chances of survival and reproductive success. These mechanisms include things like heuristics and biases that help us quickly and efficiently process information about the people we encounter in our environment.

Question 18

Patty is a member of a jury and she has voted "guilty".All the other jury members have voted "not guilty".At this point in time, the other jury members should classify Patty

Accepted Answer

Since Patty has voted differently from the other jury members, they are likely to classify her as a member of their outgroup, which is a group to which they don't belong or don't identify with. This is because of the belief that people who share similar beliefs, values, and opinions belong to the same group.

Question 19

Joel and Keith both work with a stock brokerage firm.Joel is considered to be extremely attractive, and Keith is considered to be average in appearance.Based on research that has investigated the effects of physical appearance in person perception, you should predict that

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that physical appearance influences person perception, with attractive people being evaluated more positively in various areas, including job performance. Therefore, Joel is more likely to receive better performance evaluations than Keith, despite equivalent work.

Question 20

Harry is 35 years old, and he has just enrolled in his first university course.On the first day of class he looks over the individuals in the room and sits next to another male student who appears to be in his early 30s.In this case, Harry has likely classified the other student

Accepted Answer

Harry has likely classified the other student as a member of his ingroup, someone who is similar to himself in age and possibly also a non-traditional student.

Quiz 13: Social Psychology