Question 1

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how...

Question 2

In positive reinforcement the response is strengthened as a result of the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus; in negative reinforcement a response is strengthened as a result of the removal of a desirable stimulus.

Accepted Answer

In positive reinforcement, a response is strengthened by the presentation of a desirable stimulus, while in negative reinforcement, a response is strengthened by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus. The statement in the question is reversed.

Question 3

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment....

Question 4

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behaviour.From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you have a roommate who...

Question 5

The fact that the principles of conditioning are routinely applied in homes, businesses, schools, and factories show that the causes of behavior are multifactorial.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that the principles of conditioning...

Question 6

Learning theorists argue that learning takes place through conditioning.Describe the two types of conditioning discussed in your text.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Learning theorists argue that learning takes place...

Question 7

Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment....

Question 8

Traffic lights serve as discriminative stimuli for the operant behaviour of driving.

Accepted Answer

Traffic lights are discriminative stimuli that signal to drivers what they should or should not do, such as stop, go, or yield. The behavior of driving is controlled by these discriminative stimuli, as drivers respond differently depending on the color of the traffic light.

Question 9

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both weaken the tendency of the organism to make a response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in...

Question 10

How do psychologists define learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do psychologists define learning?...

Question 11

What is extinction? How does it differ from forgetting?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is extinction? How does it differ...

Question 12

Kelly's parents always leave her with the same babysitter when they go out.Within minutes of the babysitter's arrival her parent are gone.Kelly's babysitter arrives at her birthday party; as soon as Kelly sees her she begins to cry.Using the principles of classical conditioning, explain why Kelly cried when she saw the babysitter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kelly's parents always leave her with the...

Question 13

Given the research findings in this chapter, explain how you would respond to your own children when they did things you did that you did not want them to do.When would you use positive reinforcement? When would you use punishment to teach them things? When would you use negative reinforcement? What kinds of reinforcement schedules would you use? (Be sure that you clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment, negative and positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement and punishment)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the research findings in this chapter,...

Question 14

Resistance to extinction occurs when a previously extinguished response reappears after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resistance to extinction occurs when a previously...

Question 15

Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning, being sure to identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in your example.Also, using classical conditioning, indicate how the phobia could be eliminated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a specific phobia could be...

Question 16

What are stimulus generalisation and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are stimulus generalisation and stimulus discrimination?...

Quiz 6: Conditioning and Learning