Question 1

The physiological component of emotion is directly associated with the functioning of the

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling the physiological responses associated with emotion, such as increased heart rate, sweating, and changes in breathing.

Question 2

Evolutionary theory predicts that women should place more emphasis than men on all but which of the following partner characteristics?

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary theory, physical attractiveness is a trait that both men and women prioritize in their potential partners. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Question 3

The GSR is usually considered to be

Accepted Answer

The GSR (galvanic skin response) measures the electrical conductance of the skin, which reflects changes in sweat gland activity and therefore indicates general autonomic arousal. It is not a direct measure of conscious emotion, honesty, or the cognitive component of emotion.

Question 4

A polygraph typically monitors all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A polygraph typically monitors respiration rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure, but not dilation of the pupils.

Question 5

Research on gender differences in mate preferences has found that

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that men who are perceived as willing to invest in children are considered more attractive by women, as this aligns with evolutionary theories suggesting women value potential parental investment in a mate.

Question 6

The galvanic skin response is a measure of

Accepted Answer

Galvanic skin response is a measure of the electrical conductivity of the skin, which occurs due to changes in sweat gland activity. This response is often used as a measure of emotional arousal or stress.

Question 7

Research into gender differences in mate preference shows that, in comparison to men, women show ____ desire for partners who are intelligent and ambitious and have a high social status and ____ interest in attractiveness.

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that women show more desire for partners who are intelligent and ambitious and have a high social status, while showing less interest in attractiveness, in comparison to men.

Question 8

Compared to low scorers, people who score high in the need for achievement

Accepted Answer

People who score high in the need for achievement tend to work harder and more persistently than low scorers. They are more focused on accomplishing tasks and reaching goals, rather than spending time on interpersonal activities or worrying about acceptance from others.

Question 9

Maria is pursuing a highly competitive career and she works very hard and persistently at her tasks. Maria's behaviour MOST likely reflects

Accepted Answer

Maria's hard work and persistence suggest a high achievement motivation, which is the drive to succeed and accomplish challenging goals. This is different from an external locus of control, which would suggest that Maria believes outside forces are primarily responsible for her success or failure. A high power need would suggest a desire to control and influence others, which is not necessarily reflected in Maria's behaviour. The obsessive-compulsive personality structure is characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control that goes beyond what is necessary to achieve success.

Question 10

A device that measures heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure (i.e. autonomic arousal) is

Accepted Answer

A polygraph measures physiological indicators such as heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, which are associated with autonomic arousal, to assess whether someone is being truthful.

Question 11

Loyisa is about to take her certification exam that will qualify her as a licensed therapist. As she enters the testing room she feels anxious and nervous. This reaction is part of the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Loyisa is about to take her certification...

Question 12

A person high in achievement motivation would be expected to show all EXCEPT which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A person high in achievement motivation would not be expected to have a tendency to seek immediate gratification, as this would likely interfere with goal-directed behavior and persistence on tasks. Instead, they would be expected to exhibit greater persistence, choose competitive occupations, and choose tasks of intermediate difficulty that offer a challenge without overwhelming their abilities.

Question 13

The observation that one individual may experience an airplane flight as an anxiety-arousing situation while another individual may experience an airplane flight as a routine event reflects that emotion involves

Accepted Answer

The fact that one individual experiences anxiety while another experiences routine reflects that emotion involves a subjective conscious experience or cognitive component, meaning that different individuals can have different interpretations of the same situation or stimuli.

Question 14

Mandla has a high need for achievement and he is currently enrolled in a philosophy course that is required for his major. The professor who teaches the course gives extremely difficult exams, and has never been known to give a student a grade higher than a B. Under these conditions, it is likely that Mandla

Accepted Answer

Mandla's high need for achievement may be dampened by the low expectation of success due to the professor's reputation for giving difficult exams and not awarding high grades, leading him to not exert maximum effort.

Question 15

In studying the cognitive components of emotions, psychologists generally rely on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

In studying the cognitive components of emotions, researchers rely on subjects' verbal reports to gather information about their thoughts, beliefs, and appraisal processes regarding emotional experiences. Heart rate and galvanic skin response are more commonly used to measure physiological arousal associated with emotions, while the Thematic Apperception Test is a projective test used to assess unconscious motives and desires.

Question 16

At present, which of the following approaches appears to provide the most complete account for gender disparities in sexual motivation and mating preferences?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary theory provides the most complete account for gender disparities in sexual motivation and mating preferences. This theory suggests that these differences have evolved due to different reproductive strategies, with men more focused on quantity of offspring and women more focused on quality. This theory also explains why men may be more interested in casual sex and prefer younger partners, while women may be more selective in their choice of partners and prefer partners who can provide resources and social status.

Question 17

Max has the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others and to meet high standards for excellence. According to researchers such as McClelland and Atkinson, Max MOST likely

Accepted Answer

Max's desire to master difficult challenges, outperform others, and meet high standards for excellence is indicative of high achievement motivation. This motivation is characterized by a strong desire to achieve through one's own efforts and abilities.

Question 18

As Danica saw the headlights coming directly at her through the fog on the highway, her blood pressure rose quickly and she felt her heart start to race. These reactions are part of

Accepted Answer

Danica's increased blood pressure and racing heart are physiological responses to the perceived danger. This represents the physiological component of her emotional experience.

Question 19

Lee is about to take his driver's licence exam. As he enters the testing room he notices that is heart is racing and his palms are sweating. This reaction is part of the

Accepted Answer

Lee's racing heart and sweating palms are a physiological response to the stress he is experiencing, which is part of the physiological component of his emotional experience. The behavioural component would refer to any outward expressions of his emotions, such as pacing or fidgeting. The objective component would refer to the external circumstances that might be influencing Lee's emotional state, such as the difficulty of the exam or the behavior of other people in the room. The cognitive component would relate to Lee's thoughts, beliefs, and interpretations about the situation, such as his expectations of the exam or his confidence in his driving abilities.

Question 20

The need to master difficult challenges, outperform others and meet high standards of excellence is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The need to master difficult challenges, outperform others and meet high standards of excellence is most commonly referred to as the achievement motive. Option A is incorrect because while intellect may contribute to achievement, it is not the driving force behind it. Option B may lead one to seek power but not necessarily to achieve excellence. Option C is a close second but competence is a more general term that encompasses the desire to do well in a variety of domains, whereas achievement motive specifically refers to the drive for excellence.

Quiz 10: Theories of Motives and Emotions