Question 1

According to Sternberg, "book smarts" is another way of talking about which kind of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes analytical intelligence, practical intelligence, and creative intelligence. Analytical intelligence is often associated with academic or "book smarts."

Question 2

Stevenson gives all her classes 45 minutes to complete their psychology test regardless of if the class meets for 50 minutes, 75 minutes, or even 3 hours. Such a technique promotes test __________.

Accepted Answer

Stevenson's method promotes test standardization because she provides equal and consistent testing conditions for all classes regardless of their meeting duration.

Question 3

In Terman's study of gifted children, mental health issues and relationship problems during childhood only occurred in those with IQs of __________.

Accepted Answer

Terman's study found that mental health issues and relationship problems during childhood were particularly noted in those with extremely high IQs, specifically at or above 180.

Question 4

In contrast to comparing mental age to chronological age, most modern tests of intelligence use __________.

Accepted Answer

Most modern tests of intelligence use age-group comparison norms, which compare an individual's performance to that of others in their age group. This allows for a more accurate assessment of intelligence, as it takes into account the natural developmental differences that occur throughout the lifespan. Stern's formula, creativity assessments, and emotional assessments are not typically used as the primary measure of intelligence in modern tests.

Question 5

What might be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices?

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence, the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others, has been found to be a strong predictor of success in life and career, even more so than IQ or academic achievements. People who have high emotional intelligence are often better at navigating social situations, building relationships, and communicating effectively, which can be important skills for success in any field. Thus, even if someone did not excel academically in school, their emotional intelligence could still lead to success in their chosen career.

Question 6

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that __________, a concept reflected in their linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf theorized that language shapes thoughts, which is the core idea of the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Question 7

Cognitive universalism tends to __________ the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive universalism argues that cognitive processes are universal and not significantly influenced by language, which contradicts the linguistic relativity hypothesis that suggests the structure of a language affects its speakers' cognition and world view.

Question 8

Park has found that her patient, Ye-Jun, has a defect in a gene on the X chromosome of his 23rd pair, resulting in a deficiency of a protein needed for brain development. Ye-Jun most likely suffers from __________.

Accepted Answer

Fragile X syndrome is caused by a defect in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, which results in a deficiency of a protein needed for brain development. This is consistent with the information provided in the question stem. Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, and is not related to a defect on the X chromosome. Cretinism is caused by a deficiency of thyroid hormone, and fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Neither of these conditions are related to a defect on the X chromosome.

Question 9

Which type of intelligence, according to Howard Gardner, would most likely be present in farmers, landscapers, and biologists?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes a "naturalist" intelligence, which involves the ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other aspects of the natural world. This type of intelligence would be most likely to be present in people who work with nature, such as farmers, landscapers, and biologists.

Question 10

A realistic goal for all test developers is to __________ cultural bias in their intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

It is not possible to completely eliminate cultural bias from intelligence tests, as every individual has a unique cultural background that inevitably affects their performance on the test. However, test developers can strive to minimize cultural bias by using a variety of test items that are accessible and relevant to a broad range of cultural backgrounds.

Question 11

Garber works with children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions. Many of her clients come from homes that do not emphasize education or social involvement, and opportunities for advancement are practically nonexistent. Many are malnourished, have been exposed to a variety of environmental toxins, and have multiple infections without adequate or timely health care. What might these children be at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Children who have grown up in poor socioeconomic conditions are at risk for intellectual disability due to a lack of resources and opportunities for education and social involvement. Malnourishment and exposure to environmental toxins can also contribute to developmental delays and cognitive impairments.

Question 12

Which of the following tests came first?

Accepted Answer

Binet's mental ability test was developed in 1905, while the other options came later.

Question 13

What does the Flynn effect theorize?

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect theorizes that intelligence scores are steadily increasing in modernized countries over time. This may be due to a variety of factors, such as improvements in education and nutrition, greater access to information and technology, and changes in the types of cognitive skills that are valued in society.

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language