Question 1

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?
A) identical twins reared apart
B) same-sex fraternal twins
C) siblings reared together
D) identical twins reared together

Accepted Answer

Identical twins who are reared together have the most similar genetic makeup and shared environment, which leads to more similar IQ scores compared to the other options.

Question 2

Which book, published by Herrnstein and Murray in 1994, sparked tremendous debate with its assertions about the heritability of intelligence?
A) Principles of Psychology
B) The Evolution of Man
C) Man's Search for Meaning
D) The Bell Curve

Accepted Answer

"The Bell Curve," published by Herrnstein and Murray in 1994, sparked tremendous debate with its assertions about the heritability of intelligence. It argued that intelligence is largely determined by genetics, with IQ being a strong predictor of academic and career success. This controversial book ignited discussions about the relationship between race, intelligence, and socioeconomic status, and has been both strongly criticized and defended by scholars in the years since its publication.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?
A) Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity.
B) Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments.
C) If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences.
D) Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about heredity...

Question 4

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called the __________.
A) syntax synthesizer (SS)
B) grammar grabber (GG)
C) language acquisition device (LAD)
D) language learning system (LLS)

Accepted Answer

Noam Chomsky coined the term "language acquisition device" (LAD) to describe the inherent ability that humans have to understand and produce language. This device is believed to exist in the brain and is responsible for allowing children to learn language at a rapid pace, even without formal instruction.

Question 5

Language is based on basic sound units called __________.
A) phonemes
B) morphemes
C) semantics
D) registers

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the basic sound units of language, representing different sounds that make up words. Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in language, semantics refer to the meaning of words and registers are different styles or varieties of language used in different contexts. Therefore, the best choice is A, phonemes.

Question 6

Tim and Jim are identical twins who were raised apart. Ned and Ed are fraternal twins who were raised together. Which pair of twins will have more similar IQ scores, if either?
A) Tim and Jim
B) Ned and Ed
C) It is impossible to answer based on the given information.
D) All twins have the same IQ.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins, like Tim and Jim, share 100% of their genes, which has a significant impact on IQ similarity. Environmental factors do play a role, but genetic factors are highly influential in determining IQ. Ned and Ed, being fraternal twins, share about 50% of their genes, similar to regular siblings, making their IQ scores potentially less similar than those of identical twins.

Question 7

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?
A) fraternal twins
B) identical twins
C) brothers and sisters
D) parents and children

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share 50% on average. As a result, if intelligence is primarily determined by heredity, identical twins should show the highest correlation in IQ scores.

Question 8

Having a high IQ doesn't always guarantee success. Terman and Oden examined the most and least successful men in their sample of gifted individuals. The most successful were __________.
A) more goal-oriented and persistent
B) introverted
C) less interested in social relationships
D) more easygoing and less goal-oriented

Accepted Answer

According to Terman and Oden's study, the most successful individuals were more goal-oriented and persistent, which suggests that having a high IQ alone is not enough to ensure success.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE about Terman's longitudinal study of gifted children?
A) The same children were followed over the length of their life span.
B) Gifted people of different ages were all studied at once and their personal values compared.
C) The gifted were found to be socially awkward and had little social success in life.
D) The study compared and contrasted gifted children with geniuses.

Accepted Answer

Terman's longitudinal study followed the same group of gifted children over the course of their lifespan.

Question 10

The sounds t, th, and sh are __________.
A) morphemes
B) phonemes
C) semantics
D) sound bytes

Accepted Answer

T, th, and sh are all distinct phonemes in the English language. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language that distinguish between different words.

Question 11

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?
A) syntax
B) phonemes
C) morphemes
D) audiograms

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, and learning the phonemes of Russian can be difficult for someone unfamiliar with the language.

Question 12

__________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence on life than more traditional views of intelligence, even though this claim has not been fully supported by extensive research.
A) Analytical
B) Creative
C) Emotional
D) Practical

Accepted Answer

Emotional intelligence, as suggested by Goleman, refers to the ability to perceive, understand and manage emotions both in oneself and others. It is important in personal and professional relationships, decision-making and overall well-being. While there is some debate over the validity and measurement of emotional intelligence, many believe it to be an important aspect of intelligence and success.

Question 13

According to the Terman "Termites" study, the gifted population had a median income that was __________.
A) equal to the national average
B) less than the national average
C) slightly above the national average
D) about twice the national average

Accepted Answer

The Terman "Termites" study found that the gifted population had a median income that was about twice the national average.

Question 14

A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that __________ percent of intelligence is due to genetics.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 50
D) 80

Accepted Answer

Most literature reviews on the heritability of intelligence suggest that about 50 percent of intelligence is due to genetics, with the rest influenced by environmental factors.

Question 15

The __________ effect refers to the fact that IQ scores have increased generation to generation in modernized countries.
A) McGuirk
B) Flynn
C) Hawthorne
D) Rose

Accepted Answer

The Flynn effect refers to the phenomena of observed increases in IQ scores over time, particularly in industrialized countries. This effect is named after James Flynn, the researcher who first identified the trend in the 1980s.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about infants and language is TRUE?
A) Infants are not born with the ability to recognize all phonemes.
B) By the time they are 2 months old, infants can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.
C) By the time they are 9 months old, infants can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.
D) By the time they are 12 months old, infants can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with the ability to recognize all phonemes from all languages, but by the time they are around 9 months old, they begin to specialize in the phonemes of the language(s) they are exposed to, losing the ability to recognize those from languages they are not exposed to.

Question 17

The system of rules governing the structure and use of a language is called __________.
A) semantics
B) phonemes
C) grammar
D) linguistic relativity

Accepted Answer

Grammar refers to the system of rules that govern the structure and use of a language. Semantics refer to the meaning of words and phrases, phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, and linguistic relativity is a hypothesis about how language affects perception and thought.

Question 18

The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by __________.
A) Wechsler
B) Terman
C) Binet
D) Merill

Accepted Answer

The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by Lewis Terman, who followed the lives of 1,528 exceptionally gifted children for over 50 years, publishing his findings in the Genetic Studies of Genius series.

Question 19

A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called __________.
A) pragmatics
B) language
C) semantics
D) grammar

Accepted Answer

Language is the system that allows for the combination of symbols (such as words) in a way that enables the creation of an infinite number of meaningful statements or expressions.

Question 20

The words "care" and "bear" differ in one __________.
A) morpheme
B) phoneme
C) gesture
D) syntax

Accepted Answer

"Care" and "bear" differ in one phoneme; the /k/ sound in "care" is replaced by the /b/ sound in "bear".

Quiz 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?

Which book, published by Herrnstein and Murray in 1994, sparked tremendous debate with its assertions about the heritability of intelligence?

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called the __________.

Language is based on basic sound units called __________.

Tim and Jim are identical twins who were raised apart. Ned and Ed are fraternal twins who were raised together. Which pair of twins will have more similar IQ scores, if either?

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores?

Having a high IQ doesn't always guarantee success. Terman and Oden examined the most and least successful men in their sample of gifted individuals. The most successful were __________.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about Terman's longitudinal study of gifted children?

The sounds t, th, and sh are __________.

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?

__________ intelligence has been suggested by Goleman to be a more powerful influence on life than more traditional views of intelligence, even though this claim has not been fully supported by extensive research.

According to the Terman "Termites" study, the gifted population had a median income that was __________.

A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that __________ percent of intelligence is due to genetics.

The __________ effect refers to the fact that IQ scores have increased generation to generation in modernized countries.

Which of the following statements about infants and language is TRUE?

The system of rules governing the structure and use of a language is called __________.

The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by __________.

A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called __________.

The words "care" and "bear" differ in one __________.