Question 1

__________ has been dubbed the "love hormone" because of its role in bonding and affection between people.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone" because it plays a significant role in social bonding, including between romantic partners, parents and their children, and even between friends. It is released during physical touch, such as hugging or kissing, and helps to create feelings of trust and closeness.

Question 2

A neuron's cell membrane is semipermeable.

Accepted Answer

A neuron's cell membrane is semipermeable, which means that it allows some substances to pass through while blocking others. This is necessary for regulating the flow of ions and neurotransmitters in and out of the neuron.

Question 3

The sex glands, which secrete hormones that regulate sexual development and behavior as well as reproduction, are called __________.

Accepted Answer

The gonads, which include the testes in males and ovaries in females, secrete hormones such as testosterone and estrogen that are responsible for sexual development, behavior, and reproduction. The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels, cortisol is a stress hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, and the hypothalamus is a part of the brain that helps regulate hormonal secretions.

Question 4

A synapse is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A synapse is like a locked door...

Question 5

The idea that the pituitary gland is the "master gland" is __________.

Accepted Answer

While the idea that the pituitary gland is the "master gland" is true, it is important to note that it is still controlled by the brain. This means that while it does play a crucial role in regulating many other glands and related structures, it is not entirely autonomous in its function. The idea that the adrenal gland is the "master gland" is not widely accepted and lacks scientific evidence to support it.

Question 6

During a resting potential, the neuron is positively charged inside and negatively charged outside.

Accepted Answer

During a resting potential, the neuron is negatively charged inside and positively charged outside.

Question 7

Acetylcholine is an agonist or an excitatory neurotransmitter also found in a part of the brain responsible for forming new memories and stimulating muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is indeed an agonist neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contraction and is also found in the hippocampus, a part of the brain responsible for forming new memories.

Question 8

Endocrine glands __________.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 9

Meaghan just received the results of a complete physical that found her body is not producing enough insulin. Which of the following endocrine glands is affecting her body's ability to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is the gland responsible for producing insulin, which is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. If Meaghan's body is not producing enough insulin, it suggests that there may be a problem with her pancreas. The adrenal, thymus, and thyroid glands do not directly affect insulin production.

Question 10

Silas is very anxious over an upcoming exam. Consequently, his adrenal glands will probably produce __________.

Accepted Answer

When a person is anxious or stressed, their adrenal glands produce more cortisol, a hormone that is responsible for the body's stress response. Therefore, the best choice is C - more cortisol.

Question 11

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain.

Accepted Answer

PET uses radioactive tracers to produce images, not radio waves and magnetic fields.

Question 12

The __________, located on the top of the kidneys, secrete(s) hormones that regulate salt intake, control stress reactions, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands, located on the top of the kidneys, secrete hormones that regulate salt intake, control stress reactions, and provide a secondary source of sex hormones affecting the sexual changes that occur during adolescence. The thymus gland is involved in immune system function, the thyroid gland regulates metabolism, and the pancreas regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 13

Myelin not only insulates the neuron, it also slows down the neural message, helping with transmission of messages traveling down the axon.

Accepted Answer

Myelin actually speeds up the transmission of neural messages by allowing the electrical impulses to jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, rather than having to travel the entire length of the axon.

Question 14

The axon receives messages from other neurons.

Accepted Answer

The axon sends messages to other neurons, not receive messages. The dendrites of a neuron are responsible for receiving messages from other neurons.

Question 15

Neurons that are at rest are still electrically charged.

Accepted Answer

Even when neurons are not actively transmitting signals, they have a resting membrane potential due to the unequal distribution of charged ions inside and outside the cell. This results in a slight negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside.

Question 16

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland, also known as the "master gland," controls and regulates the functions of all the other endocrine glands. It secretes several hormones that regulate growth, development, metabolism, and reproductive functions.

Question 17

Josh is overweight. His physician has decided to test him to see if there is a problem with the regulation of his __________. Which endocrine gland will be the focus of diagnostic testing?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism and weight through the production of thyroid hormones. If there is a problem with the regulation of these hormones, it can lead to weight gain or difficulty losing weight. Testing of the thyroid gland can help determine if this is the issue for Josh's weight concerns. Adrenal glands are responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, which can affect weight but are not the main focus of weight regulation. The thymus gland is responsible for immune function and does not play a role in weight regulation. The pancreas is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through the production of insulin but is not directly involved in weight regulation.

Question 18

Glial cells provide structure for neurons.

Accepted Answer

Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, provide support and structure for neurons in the nervous system. They also play important roles in regulating neuron function and signaling.

Question 19

The hormone released by the pineal gland that reduces body temperature and prepares you for sleep is __________.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone released by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin levels rise in the evening and fall in the morning, helping to prepare the body for sleep. Melatonin also has a role in regulating body temperature, with higher levels of melatonin leading to a reduction in body temperature, which is important for promoting sleep. The other options listed (DHEA, parathormone, and thyroxin) are not hormones involved in regulating sleep or lowering body temperature.

Question 20

One function of the nervous system is to send information to and receive information from all parts of the body.

Accepted Answer

The nervous system is responsible for transmitting and processing information throughout the body, allowing for coordinated movements, sensory perception, and cognitive function.

Quiz 2: The Biological Perspective