Question 1

MyPlate includes a separate section for sugars because high sugar consumption equates with a poor quality diet.

Accepted Answer

Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.MyPlate does not include a separate section for sugars; added sugars are included in the discretionary kilocalories because they contain only kilocalories.High sugar consumption does not equate with a poor-quality diet,nor do lower amounts necessarily guarantee that a diet meets dietary guidelines.

Question 2

Vegetables such as lettuce,celery,and broccoli have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel because they contain carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

The statement is not correct,but the reason is correct.Although vegetables such as lettuce,celery,and broccoli contain carbohydrate,they do not have the potential to cause acid production or demineralization of enamel.The difference is the carbohydrate in such vegetables is not fermentable.

Question 3

Nonessential amino acids are produced by the liver.Portions of the carbon framework from the sugar molecule and oxidized fats are utilized in this process.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true; the second is false.Oxidized fats are involved in the production of ketone bodies in the liver.The protein molecules contributed by the breakdown of an amino acid are utilized in production of nonessential amino acids.Also involved in production of nonessential amino acids are portions of the carbon framework from the sugar molecule.Nonessential amino acids are essential to the body but are not required in the diet.

Question 4

Based on the information in the Food Record,which contains lactose,galactose,and glucose? Food Record
*Breakfast
1 cup oatmeal
1 slice whole-grain toast
Cup grapefruit juice
1 cup milk
*Lunch
2 slices white bread
Lettuce leaf and carrot
2 oz slices turkey breast
Cup corn
1 orange
*Dinner
1 whole blueberry muffin
3 oz grilled chicken
Cup baked beans
Cup cooked cabbage
2 plums

Accepted Answer

Lactose is a sugar found in milk.Lactose,which contains both galactose and glucose,is unique to mammalian milk.

Question 5

Increasing whole grains in the diet can lead to improved gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health.Complex carbohydrates are caries-inhibiting.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true; the second is false.Increasing whole grain consumption would have a positive effect upon caries potential because a high-fiber diet decreases the potential for acidic pH changes.Proteins and fats are cariostatic and caries-inhibiting.

Question 6

For individuals with diabetes,a blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic.A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hyperglycemia.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are false.The terminology is reversed.A blood glucose level before meals that is greater than 130 mg/dL is hyperglycemic.A blood glucose level that is less than 70 mg/dL is hypoglycemic.After a meal,a blood glucose level greater than 180 mg/dL is considered hyperglycemic.

Question 7

Ideal foods to recommend to patients to increase their fiber intake include all,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal cookies provide very little fiber,only 1 g per two cookies,and a large number of calories.The remaining selections provide significantly higher levels of fiber with fewer calories.

Question 8

When carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet to lose weight,which nutrients are most likely to become insufficient?

Accepted Answer

When complex carbohydrates are eliminated from the diet,an insufficient intake of B vitamins,iron,and fiber can occur.Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides and contain more than 10 monosaccharides.

Question 9

Carbohydrate metabolism requires an adequate supply of B vitamins and two minerals-calcium and magnesium.Usually,adequate amounts of nutrients accompany carbohydrate intake except when refined sugars and breads are the predominant choices.

Accepted Answer

Both statements are false.The two minerals required for carbohydrate metabolism are phosphorous and magnesium.The remaining information correctly describes vitamin and mineral requirements for carbohydrate metabolism.

Question 10

Dietary fiber,especially hemicellulose and cellulose,is furnished by grain products such as wheat,corn,rice,and oats.The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" must have more than 5 g of fiber per serving.

Accepted Answer

The first statement is true; the second is false.The fiber content of foods claiming "whole-grain" varies significantly and is low (3 g)in many cases.A product containing less than 3 g dietary fiber cannot be considered a good source of fiber.Dietary fibers are also provided by rye,barley,buckwheat,millet,and some vegetables.

Question 11

Based on the information in the Food Record,which is the best source of cellulose?
*Food Record
Breakfast
1 cup oatmeal
1 slice whole-grain toast
Cup grapefruit juice
1 cup milk
*Lunch
2 slices white bread
Lettuce leaf and carrot
2 oz slices turkey breast
Cup corn
1 orange
*Dinner
1 whole blueberry muffin
3 oz grilled chicken
Cup baked beans
Cup cooked cabbage
2 plums

Accepted Answer

Cooked cabbage contains a type of fiber called cellulose.The remaining selections also contain fibers-oatmeal contains fiber from the gums and mucilages category,baked beans from the hemicellulose category,and berries from the pectin category.

Quiz 4: Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel