Question 1

Which is true in a sensory preconditioning experiment?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Higher order conditioning

Accepted Answer

Higher order conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus, rather than with an unconditioned stimulus. This can increase the number of Pavlovian learning situations, as it allows for more complex associations between stimuli to be learned. Therefore, choice B is the best answer.

Question 3

Studies that have used live rats as the CS paired with a food-US on trials presented to other rats demonstrate which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Studies conducted with rats as the CS paired with a food-US reveal that the shape of the CR can be determined by the CS, indicating that the rat's response is based on the specific properties of the CS rather than on other stimuli in the environment.

Question 4

The stimulus substitution model correctly emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stimulus substitution model correctly emphasizes
...

Question 5

According to studies of belongingness, rats conditioned with

Accepted Answer

Rats conditioned with illness learn a stronger aversion to taste than to audiovisual cues. This is known as a "conditioned taste aversion" and is often used in experiments to study the effects of different stimuli on learning and behavior. Research has shown that rats who become ill after consuming a particular taste will then avoid that taste in the future, even if it is presented in association with a desirable stimulus such as sugar or water. This suggests that the sense of taste is particularly important for survival, and that animals are able to quickly learn which substances are safe to consume and which should be avoided.

Question 6

The best evidence regarding sucrose pellets is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best evidence regarding sucrose pellets is
...

Question 7

In a sign tracking experiment, one group of pigeons will be trained with a water US, another with a food US.In a comparison of conditioned responding, you expect to find that pecking will develop in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a sign tracking experiment, one group...

Question 8

Your friend is afraid of dogs because he was bitten as a child.One day while he was playing catch in a park, a large pack of dogs wandered into his view.Now he avoids parks.His change in behavior is likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend is afraid of dogs because...

Question 9

From the selection below, select the true statement about stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the selection below, select the true...

Question 10

A researcher mistakenly makes the CS in his experiment slightly resemble a female quail in a study of sexual conditioning in male quail subjects.Due to this mistake, he is likely to find which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The mistake of making the CS slightly resemble a female quail would likely increase the salience of the CS to the male quail subjects, leading to more rapid conditioning. This is because the male quail would perceive the CS as being more similar to a potential mate, which would increase their motivation to associate it with the US (sexual stimuli). A and C are incorrect because pre-exposure effects and differences in biological strength between the CS and US would not be affected by the mistake in CS appearance. D is incorrect because although the presence of the US is necessary for conditioning, the characteristics of the CS can have a significant impact on the rate and strength of conditioning.

Question 11

Sucrose (sugar) pellets serve to satisfy an innate drive, because of this

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sucrose (sugar) pellets serve to satisfy an...

Question 12

Higher-order conditioning demonstrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Higher-order conditioning is when a neutral stimulus becomes a CS through association with an already established CS. This demonstrates that a CS can function as a US, as the neutral stimulus now elicits a conditioned response.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of preexposure to the CS or the US?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a function...

Question 14

In fear conditioning studies, non-human primates learn fear

Accepted Answer

The answer of In fear conditioning studies, non-human primates learn...

Question 15

A rat is given 20 exposures to a red light cue.Then, the red light is presented paired with food delivery.Compared to a rat that did not receive the initial 20 exposures, this rat took a long time to develop a CR to the red light.The slower learning is due to

Accepted Answer

The slower learning in the rat that received the initial 20 exposures to the red light is due to the latent-inhibition effect, which occurs when prior exposure to a CS without any consequences leads to slower learning when the CS is later paired with a US. So, the rat may have learned to not respond to the red light during the initial exposures and therefore took longer to develop a CR when it was paired with food delivery.

Question 16

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training which of the following happens?

Accepted Answer

According to the stimulus-substitution model, with training, the CS activates the UR via excitation of US centers. In other words, the conditioned stimulus (CS) comes to elicit the unconditioned response (UR) by activating the same neural centers that are activated by the unconditioned stimulus (US). This leads to a learned association between the CS and the UR. Choice A and B are incorrect because the CS does not come to activate the UR or the CR directly. Choice D is incorrect because the CR does not activate the US.

Question 17

Your friend plans to autoshape her goldfish to swim up to a hoop (the CS).You recommend using a US that

Accepted Answer

Using a relatively novel stimulus as the US can grab the fish's attention and be more effective in conditioning it to swim towards the hoop. Using a familiar stimulus (A) may not be novel enough to elicit a strong response, and using an aversive stimulus (B or D) may cause the fish to avoid the hoop altogether.

Question 18

Research into the role of the US in determining the nature of the CR suggests which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that the US determines many aspects of the CR, including very specific aspects of mouth and tongue movements. This suggests that the US plays a significant role in determining the nature of the CR, beyond just whether it is an approach or avoidance response or whether it is vigorous or weak.

Question 19

Increasing CS or US intensity has which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Increasing CS or US intensity will speed up associative learning and make the final level of conditioned responding greater as the stronger stimuli make a stronger association between the CS and US.

Question 20

Belongingness effects have been demonstrated to reflect which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Belongingness effects have been demonstrated to reflect...

Quiz 4: Classical Conditioning