Question 1

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Mr.Tallboys clothing shop has a sale every 4 weeks.The sale runs from 11:00 a.m.to 3:00 p.m.This restriction on when you can buy items at reduced prices is called

Accepted Answer

The restriction on when you can buy items at reduced prices (specifically, that it only occurs every 4 weeks from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) indicates a limited hold, as there are limitations or restrictions on when the sale is available.

Question 3

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

Behavior reinforced on a variable ratio schedule is characterized by reinforcement being delivered after an unpredictable number of responses. Pulling the arm of a slot machine is an example of this type of reinforcement schedule because the player does not know how many times they must pull before they will be rewarded. The other options do not fit this pattern of variable ratio reinforcement.

Question 4

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following individuals is most...

Question 5

Your hamster presses a lever that came with its cage.After 4 presses, a food pellet is delivered; then after 6 presses another; then after 2 presses another.Based on this pattern of reinforcement you suspect that the lever was programmed with a

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your hamster presses a lever that came...

Question 6

Under which of the following situations do you predict you will have the most difficulty starting the second project?

Accepted Answer

The size of the previous project affects the perception of effort required for the next project. As the first project was bigger (100 pages), the mind assumes that the effort required for the next project will be similar or higher, leading to difficulty in starting the next project. Therefore, when the first project is larger, there is a higher chance of difficulty in starting the second project, and in this case, option B is appropriate.

Question 7

Your friend is taking a class with exams scheduled every three weeks.You expect that he will study

Accepted Answer

The pattern indicates that he will study very little following an exam but will increase his studying rate towards the end of each three-week period, in order to prepare for the upcoming exam. Therefore, choice C is the best option.

Question 8

Your roommate is taking a self-paced course that requires three papers over the semester.He expected to finish all three papers in the first two weeks but, after quickly finishing the first paper three weeks ago, he has done nothing.This behavior pattern is due to

Accepted Answer

The behavior pattern described is due to the post-reinforcement pause. After receiving reinforcement (completing the first paper), the roommate experienced a pause in their behavior (not working on the remaining papers). This is a common phenomenon where individuals take a break after receiving reinforcement before resuming the behavior that earned them the reinforcement. The other options (partial reinforcement extinction effect, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement, variable interval schedule of reinforcement) do not apply to this scenario.

Question 9

A pigeon in a Skinner box periodically receives access to food after pecking on a key.Sometimes the pigeon has to peck 3 or 4 times, sometimes 5, and sometime more.On average, the bird was reinforced every 5th peck.This pigeon was on a schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pigeon in a Skinner box periodically...

Question 10

You notice that the pigeon in the laboratory you just entered has a particular way of pecking at the key in its cage. The pigeon seems to increase its rate of pecking towards the end of a two minute period, food is made available, and then pecking slows until the end of the next two minutes.You surmise that the pigeon is on a

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the pigeon (increasing rate of pecking towards the end of a two minute period, followed by a decrease until the end of the next two minutes) is indicative of a fixed interval schedule. In this type of schedule, reinforcement is only given after a specific amount of time has passed, regardless of how many responses are made during that time. The pigeon is likely pecking more quickly towards the end of the interval because it has learned that reinforcement is coming soon, but then slows down once the reinforcement has been delivered.

Question 11

A hungry pigeon is in a Skinner box and is pecking a key for access to food.The first food delivery occurs for the first peck after 1 minute has elapsed.The second occurs for the first peck after 3 minutes has elapsed.The third food delivery occurs for the first peck after 2 minutes has elapsed.All other pecks went unrewarded, but the pigeon did not receive access to food unless it pecked the key.The pigeon is most likely on a  schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A hungry pigeon is in a Skinner...

Question 12

For 30 ten-minute trials, a rat received a food pellet every other lever press.This rat was on A  schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A fixed ratio schedule is when the reinforcement is delivered after a fixed number of responses, which in this case is every other lever press. The other schedules listed (fixed interval, variable interval, and variable ratio) do not match the pattern of reinforcement described in this scenario.

Question 13

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A variable ratio schedule of reinforcement is when a behavior is reinforced after a varying number of responses. This is often seen in gambling, where a person may win after a certain number of games played, but the number of games needed to win varies each time.

Question 14

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a variable interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

Behavior reinforced on a variable interval schedule is reinforced after varying amounts of time have passed. Checking to see if the mechanic is finished with your car is an example of behavior that is reinforced on a variable interval schedule because you don't know exactly how long it will take for the mechanic to finish. Sometimes it may be a short wait, while other times it may be much longer. The reinforcement in this case would be getting your car back and being able to leave.

Question 15

Art teachers must often deal with "artist's block" in their students.To break the block, they advise students to make a mark on the canvas with the paint brush.The professors are hoping to initiate

Accepted Answer

The answer of Art teachers must often deal with "artist's...

Question 16

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule?

Accepted Answer

Behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule is reinforced after a fixed amount of time has passed. Checking the refrigerator to see if the jelly is done is an example of this because the reinforcement (finding the jelly done) only occurs after a certain amount of time has passed, rather than after a specific number of behaviors or responses.

Question 17

A cumulative recorder marks a scalloped pattern of responding when subjects are on a

Accepted Answer

The scalloped pattern of responding on a cumulative recorder is characteristic of a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement. This means that the subject only receives reinforcement after a set amount of time has passed, rather than after a certain number of responses. As the time interval approaches, the subject begins to increase their rate of responding, resulting in the scalloped pattern.

Question 18

Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes behavior reinforced...

Question 19

If a ratio requirement is increased from an FR 100 schedule to an FR 500 schedule, the subject will often pause periodically before completion of the ratio requirement.These pauses are due to

Accepted Answer

The pauses that occur during an FR 500 schedule are known as ratio strain, which is caused by the increased requirement for reinforcement. This strain can cause the subject to pause periodically before completing the ratio requirement. The other options listed (post-reinforcement pause, ratio run, and interval scallop) are not directly related to the increase in the ratio requirement.

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer