Question 1

Events that occur just before a response are called

Accepted Answer

Antecedents are events, conditions, or stimuli that occur before a behavior or response, setting the stage for the behavior to occur.

Question 2

Unlocking the secrets of which type of learning begins with noting what happens before and after a particular behavior?

Accepted Answer

Associative learning focuses on how an individual learns about the relationships between different elements within their environment, particularly through understanding the connections between stimuli and responses. This type of learning is characterized by noting what happens before (the stimulus) and after (the response) a particular behavior, which is fundamental in both classical and operant conditioning processes.

Question 3

A puff of air will make your eye blink every time it hits your eye. If we sound a horn before each puff of air hits your eye several times, you will soon blink to the horn alone. Thus, blinking to the horn illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (the sound of the horn) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (the puff of air) that naturally triggers a response (blinking). Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the conditioned response (blinking), without the need for the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 4

If your mouth waters each time you eat a cookie, you may learn to salivate when you merely see a cookie or a picture of cookie. Your mouth watering to the sight of a cookie illustrates

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (the sight of a cookie) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (eating a cookie) that naturally produces an unconditioned response (salivation). Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the conditioned response (salivation), demonstrating learned behavior.

Question 5

Unlocking the secrets of associative learning begins with noting

Accepted Answer

Associative learning is understood by observing the stimuli and responses before and after a behavior, indicating how associations between behaviors and their consequences are formed.

Question 6

In classical conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, learning occurs through the association of stimuli before the response, making antecedents (events that occur before a behavior) the most important aspects for learning to take place.

Question 7

Operant conditioning is based on

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. It is based on the consequences of making a response, where behaviors followed by positive outcomes are likely to be repeated, and behaviors followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated.

Question 8

When she hears her father at the door, three-year-old Ashley runs to the front door, where she gets a hug from her father. This hug is considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

The hug Ashley receives from her father after running to the door is considered a consequence because it follows her behavior of running to the door in response to hearing him. In behavioral terms, a consequence is something that happens immediately after a behavior, which can either reinforce or discourage the behavior.

Question 9

In which type of associative learning are the consequences the most important aspect for the learning to take place?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning focuses on the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior. Positive or negative reinforcements and punishments are used to either encourage or discourage behaviors.

Question 10

In which type of learning is an antecedent stimulus that does not produce a response linked with a stimulus that does produce the response?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves pairing a previously neutral stimulus (the antecedent stimulus) with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response. Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that can elicit the response on its own. This type of learning was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov through his experiments with dogs.

Question 11

In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, learning occurs when a previously neutral stimulus (one that did not elicit a particular response) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (one that naturally and automatically triggers a response) in such a way that the neutral stimulus alone begins to produce a similar response, now called a conditioned response. This is exemplified by Pavlov's experiments with dogs, where a neutral stimulus (a bell) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) to produce an unconditioned response (salivation). After repeated pairings, the bell alone (now a conditioned stimulus) elicited salivation (a conditioned response).

Question 12

Regarding antecedents, consequences, and associative learning, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Antecedents are events that occur before a response, setting the stage for behavior, while consequences are events that follow a response and influence the likelihood of the behavior's future occurrence. Associative learning involves understanding the relationships between different elements, including the antecedents and consequences, making attention to the "before and after" crucial.

Question 13

Learning that takes place through an association of stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. It was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs, where he associated the sound of a bell (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), leading to the dogs salivating (conditioned response) at the sound of the bell alone.

Question 14

In which type of learning are reflex responses associated with new stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus that already triggers a reflex response with a new stimulus, so that the new stimulus comes to trigger the reflex response on its own.

Question 15

Learning by consequences occurs during

Accepted Answer

Learning by consequences is a hallmark of operant conditioning, where behaviors are learned based on the consequences they produce.

Question 16

Which of the following is based on what happens before we respond and begins with a stimulus that reliably triggers a response?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is based on what happens before we respond and begins with a stimulus that reliably triggers a response. It involves learning to associate an unconditioned stimulus that naturally brings about a response with a new, conditioned stimulus, so that the conditioned stimulus begins to elicit the same response.

Question 17

Regarding associative learning, which of the following discovered what is now called operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Edward Thorndike is credited with discovering what is now known as operant conditioning through his work with puzzle boxes and cats, leading to the formulation of the Law of Effect.

Question 18

The blinking of your eye to a puff of air would be a good example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

The blinking of your eye to a puff of air is a reflex, which is an automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 19

In operant conditioning, the most important aspects for the learning to take place are the

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning, the consequences of a behavior (rewards or punishments) are crucial for learning, as they influence the likelihood of the behavior being repeated.

Question 20

Events that occur just after a response are called

Accepted Answer

Events that occur just after a response are referred to as consequences. These are outcomes or results that follow an action or behavior.

Quiz 6: Conditioning and Learning