Question 1

The idea that dreams are times when people can think creatively about what is going on in their lives and then use that information later when awake is consistent with the _____ view of dreams.

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving view of dreams suggests that dreams are a time when the brain works through unresolved issues or thinks creatively about problems. This perspective posits that the information processed and the solutions or ideas generated in dreams can be useful when awake, helping individuals to tackle challenges or issues in their lives more effectively.

Question 2

Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright's theory of dreaming, the images in Logan's dream represent ​

Accepted Answer

According to Rosalind Cartwright's theory, dreams are a way to work through problems and emotions from waking life.

Question 3

If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of the year award," this dream would be MOST consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

The dream of winning the "student of the year award" by a struggling student aligns with the wish fulfillment theory of dreaming, proposed by Sigmund Freud. This theory suggests that dreams are a manifestation of unconscious desires and wishes. In this case, the dream represents the student's deep-seated wish to excel academically and be recognized for it.

Question 4

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility is known as

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis is a systematic procedure that induces a high level of suggestibility, often used for therapeutic purposes.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

Total loss of personal control is not a common effect of hypnosis; individuals generally retain awareness and control over their actions.

Question 6

Denise is unemployed. Over the past 3 years, she has been fired from 10 different positions. If you interpreted Denise's dream of being the CEO of a Fortune 500 company as an attempt for Denise to fulfill ungratified needs from her waking life, you would be subscribing to the

Accepted Answer

The wish fulfillment theory of dreams, proposed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that dreams are a manifestation of unconscious desires and unfulfilled wishes. In this scenario, Denise's dream of being a CEO of a Fortune 500 company could be interpreted as a fulfillment of her unmet desires and aspirations in her waking life, especially considering her recent employment struggles.

Question 7

A hypnotist is putting on a demonstration and your friend Benjamin is thinking about volunteering. However, he is a little nervous because he is afraid he might do things while he is hypnotized that he would normally not do. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell Benjamin ​

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that while under hypnosis, people may sometimes perform actions they would not normally consider acceptable, as hypnosis can alter perception and awareness.

Question 8

If you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving theory of dreams suggests that dreams allow individuals to work through real-life problems or decisions in a safe, simulated environment. Interpreting Peter's dream as him trying to decide on an approach to convince his father aligns with this theory, as it suggests the dream is a space for Peter to explore different strategies or solutions to his real-life dilemma.

Question 9

Hypnosis owes its beginnings to the work of which of the following? ​

Accepted Answer

Franz Anton Mesmer is considered the father of hypnosis due to his work in the late 18th century on what he called "animal magnetism" or "mesmerism," which laid the groundwork for the development of modern hypnosis.

Question 10

Brad is undergoing hypnosis to quit smoking. The hypnotist will most likely make use of

Accepted Answer

Posthypnotic suggestions are commonly used in hypnotherapy to help individuals change behaviors, such as quitting smoking, by suggesting certain actions or behaviors to be followed after the hypnosis session.

Question 11

The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense out of bursts of general firing from lower brain centers is the core of

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory of dreaming suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of neural activity that occurs during sleep, particularly the random firing of neurons in the lower brain centers. This theory posits that the cortex synthesizes a coherent story from these random signals, leading to the experience of dreaming.

Question 12

Research suggests that about _____ of people do NOT respond to hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately 10-20% of people do not respond to hypnosis, showing a significant variability in hypnotic susceptibility among individuals.

Question 13

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade-school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle's dream represent ​

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis model of dreaming suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep. This model would explain the bizarre and sudden changes in Danielle's dream as interpretations of this random neural activity.

Question 14

A stage hypnotist is sometimes successful in getting people to disrobe in public. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

When hypnotized, subjects may feel a reduced sense of personal responsibility, allowing them to act in ways they might not normally consider, believing they are not accountable for their actions.

Question 15

Research suggests that about _____ of people are exceptionally GOOD hypnotic subjects.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately 15% of people are exceptionally good hypnotic subjects, showing a high level of susceptibility to hypnosis.

Question 16

Which of the following is the MOST common posthypnotic suggestion given to people?

Accepted Answer

The most common posthypnotic suggestion given to people is to show amnesia and forget something. This is often used in therapeutic settings to help individuals forget traumatic events or in entertainment to demonstrate the power of suggestion.

Question 17

Katherine's new dentist plans to use hypnosis instead of anesthesia while he works on Katherine's teeth. Katherine asks you if she should go along with this or find another dentist. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell her

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that hypnosis can effectively reduce pain perception in some individuals, making it a viable alternative to traditional anesthetic drugs in certain contexts. This is because hypnosis can alter the way the brain processes pain signals.

Question 18

The procedure used by a hypnotist that relaxes an individual and narrows attention is called a hypnotic

Accepted Answer

A hypnotic induction is the process used by hypnotists to put someone into a state where they are more open to suggestion, often involving relaxation and narrowed attention.

Question 19

The observations that both the discovery of insulin and refinements in the design of the sewing machine were inspired, in part, by dreams, provide support for the _____ theory of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

The problem-solving theory of dreaming suggests that dreams can help individuals solve problems in their waking lives. The discoveries inspired by dreams, such as insulin and sewing machine refinements, support this theory by showing how dreams can lead to creative solutions or important insights.

Question 20

The theory that attributes the LEAST  amount of meaning to dreams is

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis theory suggests that dreams are the result of the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep, attributing the least amount of meaning to dreams compared to theories that see them as meaningful reflections of wishes, unresolved problems, or daily experiences.

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness