Question 1

Aaron has been taking a mild amphetamine for the past 4 months to help him cope with being a full-time student while holding down a full-time job. Now that his classes have ended, he wants to stop taking the amphetamine, but each time he tries to skip the medication, he starts sweating and twitching. It appears that Aaron has

Accepted Answer

Aaron's symptoms upon trying to skip the medication indicate a physical dependence on amphetamines, as his body has adapted to the presence of the drug and reacts negatively when the drug is not taken.

Question 2

Hannah used to experience insomnia once or twice a week. A month ago, she started taking Seconal to help her sleep, and now she finds she cannot get to sleep unless she takes a Seconal tablet. Hannah has likely

Accepted Answer

Hannah's inability to sleep without taking Seconal indicates that she has developed a dependency on the drug. Dependency is characterized by a physical or psychological need for a substance to function normally or feel well.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs? ​

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because sedatives and alcohol increasing the risk of automobile accidents is an example of an indirect effect of drug use, related to the impairment of motor skills and judgment, rather than a direct health effect on the body's systems or organs. Choices A, C, and D describe direct health effects of drugs on the body.

Question 4

John needs to continue to take doses of morphine to avoid withdrawal illness symptoms. John is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

John is demonstrating physical dependence because he needs to continue taking morphine to avoid withdrawal symptoms, which is a physical process.

Question 5

Judy feels that she needs her can of Diet Coke every morning to wake her up and satisfy her cravings. She doubts that she could ever give up drinking Diet Coke. Judy is demonstrating ​

Accepted Answer

Judy's need for Diet Coke to wake up and satisfy cravings, along with her doubt about being able to give it up, indicates a psychological dependence. This is because her desire is driven by mental or emotional cues rather than a physical need or adaptation of her body to the substance.

Question 6

Which of the following drugs carries the GREATEST risk for physical and\or psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

Heroin carries the greatest risk for both physical and psychological dependence among the options listed. It is an opioid that quickly leads to tolerance and addiction, requiring more of the drug to achieve the same effects and causing severe withdrawal symptoms when use is stopped.

Question 7

Rachel has been using a nonprescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers and has been in three car accidents. Rachel is MOST likely a chronic user of

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is known to cause liver disease and ulcers with chronic use, and its impairment effects can significantly increase the risk of car accidents. LSD and marijuana do not typically cause liver disease or ulcers, and while sedatives can impair driving, they are not as commonly associated with liver disease and ulcers as alcohol is.

Question 8

When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense cravings for the drug, he is demonstrating ​

Accepted Answer

Psychological dependence refers to the emotional or mental attachment to a drug, characterized by a perceived need or craving for the substance to maintain a sense of well-being or to avoid discomfort.

Question 9

Psychoactive drugs that are associated with a low risk of a lethal overdose include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Sedatives, unlike marijuana and cannabis (which are essentially the same substance) and most hallucinogens, carry a higher risk of lethal overdose due to their potential to depress the central nervous system to a life-threatening level.

Question 10

Amphetamines appear to exert their main effects by altering the release and reuptake of ​

Accepted Answer

Amphetamines primarily affect the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine by increasing their release and inhibiting their reuptake, leading to heightened alertness, attention, and energy.

Question 11

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the LEAST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens generally have a lower risk for developing physical and psychological dependence compared to stimulants, sedatives, and alcohol.

Question 12

Recent studies have reported an unexpected link between cannabis use and ​

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have shown a correlation between cannabis use and an increased risk of developing severe psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia, especially among those with a predisposition to these conditions.

Question 13

Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with ​

Accepted Answer

These symptoms are indicative of physical dependence, which occurs when the body has adapted to a substance to the point where it reacts negatively when the substance is withheld, leading to withdrawal symptoms.

Question 14

Which of the following categories of psychoactive drugs has the GREATEST risk for developing physical and psychological dependence?

Accepted Answer

Narcotics and sedatives are known for their high potential for both physical and psychological dependence due to their effects on the brain's reward system and the body's physical adaptation to their presence.

Question 15

There is the GREATEST amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following drugs?

Accepted Answer

Marijuana has been the subject of significant debate regarding its risks, benefits, and legal status, leading to a wide range of opinions and research findings. This contrasts with substances like alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, where there is more consensus on the risks associated with their use.

Question 16

Which of the following drugs would MOST likely result in a fatal overdose?

Accepted Answer

Morphine is an opioid, which can depress the respiratory system at high doses, leading to a fatal overdose. LSD, mescaline, and marijuana do not typically cause fatal overdoses due to their pharmacological profiles.

Question 17

Ralph has been using a drug on a regular basis for several years. He has now developed damaged nasal membranes and a host of respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease. Ralph is MOST likely a chronic user of

Accepted Answer

Cocaine is known to cause damaged nasal membranes due to its common method of administration (snorting), as well as respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease with chronic use.

Question 18

Which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to result in a fatal overdose?

Accepted Answer

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is known for its powerful hallucinogenic effects rather than its potential for a fatal overdose. Unlike opioids such as heroin and morphine or stimulants like cocaine, LSD does not depress the respiratory system or affect the cardiovascular system in a manner that is likely to lead to a fatal overdose.

Question 19

The _____ neural pathway has been characterized as a "reward pathway" that is believed to be responsible for the reinforcing effects of most abused drugs.

Accepted Answer

The mesolimbic dopamine pathway, often referred to as the "reward pathway," plays a central role in the brain's reward system. It is involved in the reinforcement and pleasure experiences associated with most drugs of abuse, making it a key focus in understanding addiction.

Question 20

The negative effect of recreational drugs that results from the drug's impact on the individual's behavior is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

Indirect effects of recreational drugs refer to the consequences that result from changes in the user's behavior, rather than the direct physiological or psychological effects of the drug itself.

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness