Question 1

According to many researchers, self-recognition among great apes and human infants

Accepted Answer

Self-recognition is considered a fundamental manifestation of the concept of "me," indicating an awareness of oneself as distinct from the environment and others. This ability, observed in great apes and human infants, is a critical step in the development of self-awareness and identity.

Question 2

The cocktail party effect refers to the tendency for people to

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party effect is the phenomenon where an individual can focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment, such as a cocktail party, and can instantly detect a personally relevant stimulus, like hearing their name mentioned in a different conversation. This demonstrates the brain's ability to selectively attend to certain information while filtering out other stimuli.

Question 3

Which of the "ABCs of the self" is reflected in how people regulate their own actions and present themselves to others according to interpersonal demands?

Accepted Answer

Behavior reflects how individuals regulate their actions and present themselves to others based on interpersonal demands. This encompasses the ways in which people manage their conduct in various social contexts to adhere to expected norms or achieve personal goals.

Question 4

Yulia stands in front of a mirror. She notices a red spot on the forehead of the image she sees in the mirror. She then brings her hand up to her own forehead and touches the red spot, trying to brush it off. Yulia is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Yulia's action of recognizing a red spot on her forehead in the mirror and attempting to touch it on her own forehead demonstrates self-recognition. This is the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror or photograph, indicating an understanding that the reflection or image is of oneself.

Question 5

According to Timothy Wilson (2002), introspection

Accepted Answer

Wilson (2002) argues that introspection does not offer a direct route to understanding our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, challenging the common assumption that self-reflection inherently leads to self-knowledge.

Question 6

The self-concept is made up of cognitive molecules called

Accepted Answer

Self-schemas are cognitive structures, derived from past experience, that represent a person's beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains. They are a fundamental part of the self-concept, helping individuals to organize and guide the processing of self-related information.

Question 7

While talking to a friend at a noisy party, Julianna stops in the middle of a sentence and turns her head. According to the cocktail party effect, what did she probably hear?

Accepted Answer

The cocktail party effect is the phenomenon where people can focus their attention on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, as when concentrating on a single conversation in a noisy room. However, if something personally significant like their name is mentioned elsewhere, it can suddenly capture their attention, leading them to divert their focus. This is why Julianna likely turned her head upon hearing her name.

Question 8

Which statement concerning introspection is true ?

Accepted Answer

Introspection, while often considered a path to self-knowledge, can sometimes lead to inaccuracies or distortions in self-understanding. This is because introspection may not always access unconscious motives or biases, and focusing too much on internal reasoning can lead to overanalyzing or misinterpreting one's feelings and behaviors.

Question 9

Kirk, a college student, does not consider his body weight an important part of his life. Despite seeing his friends maintaining healthy diets and sweating it out at the gym, Kirk remains unaffected by these influences. In the context of the self, Kirk is _____ about his weight.

Accepted Answer

Kirk is aschematic about his weight, meaning he does not see his body weight as an important aspect of his self-concept. This is evident from his indifference towards his weight despite the behaviors and attitudes of his friends.

Question 10

When a person is asked to meditate, the advice is to derive self-knowledge from

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes, which is a fundamental aspect of many meditation practices aimed at deriving self-knowledge.

Question 11

According to David Dunning (2005), the problem concerning self-assessment is that people tend to

Accepted Answer

David Dunning's research, notably the Dunning-Kruger effect, highlights that people often overestimate their abilities, prospects for success, and the accuracy of their opinions. This cognitive bias leads to a misassessment of one's own competence.

Question 12

Research using new technologies has determined that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research using new technologies has determined that
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Question 13

The term self-concept refers to

Accepted Answer

Self-concept is defined as the sum total of a person's beliefs about his or her own attributes, encompassing thoughts and feelings about one's abilities, physical characteristics, values, goals, and roles.

Question 14

According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977), introspection is not always valid because

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and Wilson's research concluded that people frequently cannot accurately identify the causes of their own behavior, suggesting that introspection may not always provide valid insights into one's own mental processes or the reasons behind one's actions.

Question 15

Which of the "ABCs of the self" is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Cognition is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept because it involves thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge about oneself, which are central components of how individuals perceive and understand their identity.

Question 16

Gallup's research revealed that when apes were raised in isolation, they were unable to recognize themselves in the mirror. This research provides support for the

Accepted Answer

The concept of the looking-glass self, proposed by Charles Horton Cooley, suggests that individuals develop a self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. Gallup's research on apes' inability to recognize themselves in mirrors when raised in isolation supports this concept by implying that social interactions are crucial for the development of self-awareness and self-concept.

Question 17

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem is most closely related to affect, as it involves the emotional evaluation of one's own worth or value.

Question 18

Amy is frustrated with her teenage son's recent behavior. "Why did you do that?" she asks him, with exasperation. According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977), Amy's son will

Accepted Answer

Nisbett and Wilson's (1977) research suggests that people often have limited access to the reasons behind their behaviors, indicating that Amy's son may not be able to accurately identify why he acted as he did.

Question 19

When Gallup (1977) placed different species of animals in front of a mirror, it was only the great apes who

Accepted Answer

Great apes, including humans, have shown the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors and use their reflections for self-directed behaviors such as grooming. This indicates a level of self-awareness not consistently demonstrated by other species in mirror tests.

Question 20

According to the looking-glass model of self-concept development, the self-concept develops

Accepted Answer

The looking-glass model of self-concept development posits that individuals form their self-concept based on how they believe others perceive them. This theory suggests that the feedback and reactions we receive from others play a significant role in shaping our self-image and identity.

Quiz 3: The Social Self