Question 1

The free and fluent association to the elements of a problem is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking is characterized by the ability to generate multiple, unique solutions to a problem, which involves free and fluent association to the elements of a problem.

Question 2

A child understands that if an elephant is bigger than a bear and a bear is bigger than a cat, then an elephant is bigger than a cat. This demonstrates the child's understanding of _________.

Accepted Answer

Transitivity is a concept in cognitive development that allows a child to understand relationships between objects in a certain order. In this case, the child is able to deduce that if an elephant is bigger than a bear, and a bear is bigger than a cat, then the elephant must also be bigger than the cat. This logical understanding of how relationships work demonstrates the child's grasp of transitivity.

Question 3

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant used in the treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following drugs is a...

Question 4

According to Jean Piaget, which of the following stages is less egocentric than the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children become less egocentric during the concrete operational stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 7 and 11. In this stage, children start to understand the perspectives of others and become capable of logical thought processes.

Question 5

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to genetic factors?

Accepted Answer

Heritability is the term used to describe the extent to which variations in a trait across individuals can be attributed to their differing genetics.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of children in the middle years?

Accepted Answer

During the middle years, children continue to develop their grammar and syntax skills, including learning to form indirect object-direct object constructions. This is part of the natural progression in language acquisition.

Question 7

Which of the following is a crucial determinant of a person's intellectual development?

Accepted Answer

Heredity is a crucial determinant of a person's intellectual development, as it involves the genetic transmission of intellectual capabilities from parents to offspring.

Question 8

Creativity refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

Creativity is defined as the ability to produce work that is both novel (original, unique) and useful.

Question 9

According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, academic ability belongs to the domain of _________.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's theory of intelligence posits that analytical intelligence encompasses the skills traditionally associated with academic problem solving and assessments, such as analysis, evaluation, judgment, comparison, and contrast.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of creative children?

Accepted Answer

Creative children are known for their ability to solve problems in unique ways, often coming up with solutions that are not preexisting or obvious. This involves divergent thinking, where they explore many possible solutions, rather than convergent thinking, which focuses on finding a single, correct answer. They are also more likely to challenge social norms and question ideas rather than accepting them at face value, and they are willing to take risks and push beyond perceived limitations.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of bilingual children?

Accepted Answer

Bilingual children often exhibit more cognitive flexibility than monolingual children, as they are able to switch between languages and thus, potentially, between different ways of thinking.

Question 12

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, during which level do children base their moral judgments on rules that maintain the social order?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development is where children start to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models. Authority is internalized but not questioned, and reasoning is based on the norms of the group to which the person belongs. Therefore, at this level, children base their moral judgments on rules that maintain the social order.

Question 13

Long-term memory most specifically refers to the memory structure capable of _______.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is characterized by its capacity for relatively permanent storage of information, distinguishing it from short-term or working memory, which involves brief storage of information.

Question 14

Which of the following requires the performance of fine motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Writing a letter requires the use of small muscle movements in the hands and fingers to manipulate a writing instrument, which is a fine motor skill.

Question 15

What term refers to the intellectual level at which a child is functioning, based on the typical performance of a child of a certain age?

Accepted Answer

Mental age refers to the intellectual level at which a child is functioning, as compared to the typical performance of children of a certain chronological age.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best describes the word-recognition method?

Accepted Answer

The word-recognition method involves learning to read by recognizing words through repeated exposure, rather than decoding the sounds of the words.

Question 17

The part of the brain called the angular gyrus is responsible for ______.

Accepted Answer

The angular gyrus is involved in a number of processes related to language, number processing, and spatial cognition, including the ability to translate visual information into auditory information, such as when reading words and mentally "hearing" them.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the phonetic method of teaching reading?

Accepted Answer

The phonetic method of teaching reading focuses on teaching the sounds of letters and letter combinations, enabling children to decode and read new words they have not encountered before. This method emphasizes the relationship between letters and sounds, equipping learners with the skills to sound out and recognize new words independently.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true regarding the grammatical abilities of children?

Accepted Answer

By seven to nine years of age, most children begin to understand that words can have multiple meanings, reflecting their growing cognitive and linguistic abilities.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of preschoolers?

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers often have difficulty understanding passive sentences because their language development is still focused on more straightforward, active sentence structures.

Quiz 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development