Question 1

Rebecca does not trust babysitters.She bases this distrust on an isolated news report about a babysitter who mistreated several children many years ago.After hearing this news report,she concluded that "that's what babysitters do" and since that time has not hired a babysitter to care for her child.Rebecca's thinking exemplifies which of the cognitive distortions?

Accepted Answer

Rebecca's thinking is an example of overgeneralization, where she has taken a single negative event and generalized it to all babysitters, believing that they mistreat children. She has not considered that this may not be representative of all babysitters and that there are many responsible and caring individuals who work in this profession.

Question 2

Aaron Beck developed what is considered the finest psychometric instrument for use in assessing

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck developed the Beck Depression Inventory, which is considered one of the best psychometric instruments for assessing depression.

Question 3

A therapist who is using the technique of decatastrophizing might ask which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

Decatastrophizing is a cognitive-behavioral therapy technique used to address anxiety. It involves asking the client to consider the worst-case scenario (the catastrophe they fear) and then to realistically assess the likelihood and impact of that scenario, often realizing it is not as catastrophic as feared. Asking "What's the worst thing that can possibly happen?" is a direct way to initiate this process.

Question 4

Coming back to his apartment building one evening,Pete saw that firefighters were rushing in to put out a fire.Even though there were seventy-four other apartments in the building,he immediately assumed that the fire must have started in his apartment through his negligence.Pete's thinking is characterized by which cognitive distortion?

Accepted Answer

Pete is assuming that the fire started in his apartment due to his own negligence, despite there being no evidence to support this belief. This is an example of personalization, where an individual takes responsibility for events that are outside of their control.

Question 5

Although Mallory has won a full scholarship to a prestigious art school,various art awards,and the admiration of everyone who has seen her artwork,she has decided not to study art because she has convinced herself that she is just not good enough to compete with "really talented" people.Mallory's thinking best exemplifies which cognitive distortion?

Accepted Answer

Mallory's thinking exemplifies "Minimization," a cognitive distortion where she is downplaying her achievements and talents despite evidence of her success and abilities in art.

Question 6

Dr.Wong is a clinical psychologist who uses a cognitive approach to therapy.Which of the following clients would be the most ideal match for Dr.Wong's methods?

Accepted Answer

A cognitive approach to therapy involves identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs. This requires a structured approach and a client who is willing to work collaboratively with the therapist to solve specific psychological problems. Option D best fits this description as the client is open to the therapist directing the sessions and defining psychological issues as problems to be solved. The other options (A, B, and C) suggest clients who may benefit from other approaches to therapy.

Question 7

Lazarus's set of clinical strategies has come to be known as

Accepted Answer

Lazarus's set of clinical strategies is known as multimodal therapy. Choices A, B, and C are different types of therapies developed by other psychologists.

Question 8

Beck believes that change can occur only if the client experiences

Accepted Answer

Affective arousal refers to the emotional engagement and response that Beck believes is necessary for change to occur in therapy.

Question 9

According to Beck,the depressed individual has a negative view of him- or herself,the world,and the future.These three perceptions are known as the

Accepted Answer

The three perceptions of a negative view of oneself, the world, and the future are known as the "cognitive triad." This term was coined by Aaron Beck, a pioneer in cognitive therapy for depression. The other answer choices (sociotropic triad, negative triad, musturbatory triad) do not accurately reflect Beck's theory.

Question 10

___________________ used cognitive principles to develop techniques such as Stress Inoculation Training and self talk.

Accepted Answer

Donald Meichenbaum used cognitive principles to develop techniques such as Stress Inoculation Training and self talk.

Question 11

The ________ dimension is characterized by dependence on interpersonal relationships and needs for closeness and nurturing,whereas the ________ dimension is characterized by independence and is organized around goal-setting,self-determination,and self-imposed obligations.

Accepted Answer

The sociotropic dimension focuses on interpersonal relationships and the need for closeness, while the autonomous dimension emphasizes independence, goal-setting, and self-determination.

Question 12

Cognitive therapy can be characterized as

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy is problem-oriented, as it aims to help individuals identify and modify negative patterns of thinking and behavior that are causing distress or dysfunction in their lives. It is focused on present problems and finding solutions for them, rather than exploring the past or focusing on personal growth. It is also directive, as the therapist actively guides the client in challenging their negative thoughts and developing more adaptive ones.

Question 13

Cognitive therapy is showing significant promise in appears to be effective

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that cognitive therapy is showing promise in patients for whom medication is insufficient, indicating that it is effective for certain patients. Option B is incorrect as the sentence does not make this claim. Option C is also incorrect as the sentence does not mention any lack of links with biological or neurochemical correlates. Option D is incorrect as the sentence does not make any statements about the risks of e-mental health programs.

Question 14

The Personality Belief Questionnaire

Accepted Answer

The Personality Belief Questionnaire is a self-report measure designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs, particularly those related to an individual's personality. It is not related to suicidal tendencies and is not affected by the publication of the DSM-5.

Question 15

When he hears the radio announcer say,"Traffic is all jammed up on Route 30," Tal visualizes the scene.The BASIC-ID modality that he favors is

Accepted Answer

Tal's ability to visualize the traffic scene shows his preference for the imagery modality, which involves mental images and visualization. Affect involves emotions and feelings, cognition involves thinking and reasoning, and sensation involves the physical senses such as touch, taste, and smell.

Question 16

Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence,even in the face of contradictory evidence,is an example of

Accepted Answer

Drawing a conclusion without supporting evidence or in the face of contradictory evidence is known as arbitrary inference, where one draws a conclusion based on assumptions rather than facts. Minimization refers to downplaying the significance of an event, personalization refers to taking things personally despite having nothing to do with oneself, and selective abstraction refers to focusing only on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others.

Question 17

The D in Lazarus's BASIC-ID has come to stand for

Accepted Answer

The D in Lazarus's BASIC-ID model stands for all aspects of physical well-being. This model is a comprehensive approach to assessing various dimensions of human functioning, including behaviors, affective responses, sensations, images, cognitions, interpersonal relationships, and drugs/biological functions, each represented by the letters in BASIC-ID.

Question 18

The ultimate goal of ___________ is to deactivate the more automatic modes of thinking and strengthen the more constructive and reflective modes of thinking.

Accepted Answer

The ultimate goal of cognitive therapy is to deactivate the more automatic modes of thinking, such as negative thinking patterns or cognitive distortions, and strengthen the more constructive and reflective modes of thinking. Person-centered therapy aims to create a non-judgmental and supportive environment for the client, while desensitization and implosion are specific techniques used in exposure therapy to reduce anxiety and fear related to a particular stimulus.

Question 19

Melissa has a tendency to categorize everything that happens to her as being either terrible or wonderful,with nothing in between.Melissa engages in which cognitive distortion?

Accepted Answer

Dichotomous thinking is the tendency to see things in black and white, and to categorize events or experiences as either all good or all bad, with no shades of gray in between. This is also known as "all-or-nothing" thinking, and it is a common cognitive distortion in which people tend to ignore nuances or complexities in their perceptions of reality. Melissa's tendency to categorize everything as either terrible or wonderful suggests that she is engaging in this type of distorted thinking.

Question 20

Compared to Ellis's form of therapy,Beck's therapy is

Accepted Answer

Beck's Cognitive Therapy is generally considered gentler than Ellis's Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), which can be more confrontational in challenging irrational beliefs.

Quiz 16: Cognitive-Behavioral Theories Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus