Question 1

Fees began to be assessed to offenders starting in the 1980s, and are also known as "court costs" in some parts of the United States.

Accepted Answer

Fees began to be assessed to offenders starting in the 1980s in the United States, and they are commonly referred to as "court costs" in many states.

Question 2

Family group conferencing is based most closely on tribal justice.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

In the traditional criminal justice system, the states act on behalf of the victims to punish the offender.

Accepted Answer

In the traditional criminal justice system, the state represents the public and acts to punish offenders on behalf of society as a whole, not just individual victims.

Question 4

Community service refers to a sanction handed down by the court that stipulates that the offender must complete hours of service to the public in order to compensate society for harm they have committed.

Accepted Answer

Community service is a court sanction that requires the offender to complete service hours for the benefit of the community as a way to make amends for their wrongdoing.

Question 5

Like monetary restitution, community service is both punitive and retributive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like monetary restitution, community service is both...

Question 6

Collection rates of the various types of economic sanctions used throughout the United States remain fairly low at present.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true, as collection rates of economic sanctions in the United States are often low.

Question 7

Once a fine is imposed, unlike restitution, the defendant must pay it in full by the due date or probation will be revoked.

Accepted Answer

The requirement to pay a fine in full by the due date or face probation revocation can vary by jurisdiction and the specific terms set by the court. Courts may allow payment plans or adjustments based on the defendant's ability to pay.

Question 8

The federal system mandates that federal prisoners shall not be released on parole or mandatory release until any fines assessed to them are paid in full.

Accepted Answer

The federal system mandates that federal prisoners shall not be released on parole or mandatory release until any fines assessed to them are paid in full, as stated in 18 U.S. Code § 3614.

Question 9

A variety of different forms of restorative justice are used throughout the United States. These include victim-offender mediation, reparation boards, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Different forms of restorative justice are used throughout the US, including victim-offender mediation, reparation boards, family group conferencing, and circle sentencing.

Question 10

According to Bearden v. Georgia , the Supreme Court held that an offender's probation cannot be revoked solely because he/she is unable to pay a fine or restitution.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court in Bearden v. Georgia ruled that revoking probation for failure to pay a fine or restitution without considering the offender's ability to pay violates the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses.

Question 11

The goal of community justice is to utilize community stakeholders to control and ultimately reduce crimes.

Accepted Answer

Community justice involves engaging local stakeholders, such as residents, businesses, and organizations, to collaboratively address and prevent crime, aiming to enhance public safety and community well-being.

Question 12

In victim-offender mediation, a mediator first meets with the offender and the victim separately to discern each party's willingness to cooperate.

Accepted Answer

In victim-offender mediation, mediators often meet with each party separately to assess their willingness to participate and to prepare them for the mediation process.

Question 13

Three strategies that have been used to increase restitution collection rates include notifying the offender through letters and phone calls, restorative justice techniques, and presentence efforts.

Accepted Answer

These three strategies have been used to increase restitution collection rates, as they aim to hold offenders accountable and provide them with opportunities to make amends for their actions. Notifying offenders through letters and phone calls serves as a reminder of their obligation to pay restitution, while restorative justice techniques can help offenders understand the harm they caused and take responsibility for their actions. Presentence efforts involve working with offenders and their attorneys to establish a payment plan before sentencing, which can increase the likelihood of successful restitution payment.

Question 14

Restorative justice is a sentencing philosophy that emphasizes the victim taking the responsibility to pursue criminal charges to bring the offender to justice.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm by involving victims, offenders, and the community in a process that emphasizes accountability, making amends, and facilitating healing, rather than the victim pursuing charges.

Question 15

Measures of restorative justice can include victim satisfaction with the outcome/process, payment of restitution, and offender satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Measures of restorative justice often include victim satisfaction with the outcome of the process, payment of restitution to the victim, and offender satisfaction with the opportunity for accountability and making amends.

Question 16

Collecting restitution is the responsibility of police officers, day reporting centers, and probation officers.

Accepted Answer

Collecting restitution is typically the responsibility of the courts, probation office, and other specialized departments within the criminal justice system such as victim services or restitution units. Police officers and day reporting centers may assist in the process, but it is not their primary responsibility.

Question 17

Restitution requires an offender to repay a victim for intangible losses directly related to the crime, such as pain and suffering, and attorney's fees.

Accepted Answer

Restitution is primarily concerned with compensating victims for their actual losses, such as property damage or medical expenses, rather than intangible losses like pain and suffering, which are typically addressed in civil lawsuits. Attorney's fees might be included if directly related to the crime's aftermath, but restitution mainly focuses on tangible, direct losses.

Question 18

A fine is defined as a fixed monetary sanction imposed by the probation officer, with the amount based on the defendant's ability to pay.

Accepted Answer

A fine is a monetary penalty imposed by a court, not a probation officer, as part of a sentence for a crime. The amount can be influenced by various factors, including the severity of the offense and statutory guidelines, rather than solely on the defendant's ability to pay.

Question 19

Community reparation boards intervene post-conviction, after a case has been sentenced by a traditional court.

Accepted Answer

Community reparation boards are involved in restorative justice practices and intervene after a case has been sentenced by a traditional court to address harm caused by the offender and to promote healing and reconciliation between the offender, victim, and community.

Question 20

The overall effectiveness of victim impact panels tends to be mixed, in other words, there is no conclusive data regarding its lasting impact.

Accepted Answer

While victim impact panels can have a positive impact on some offenders and increase empathy towards victims, there is limited research on the long-term effectiveness of these panels. Some studies have found that participation in victim impact panels may not significantly reduce recidivism rates. Therefore, the overall effectiveness of victim impact panels remains debatable.

Quiz 10: Economic and Restorative Justice Reparations