Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the main purposes for the presentence investigative reports produced by probation officers? ​

Accepted Answer

Presentence investigative reports are not used by the court to determine potential parole hearings; they are primarily used for sentencing, classification, treatment, and supervision purposes.

Question 2

A(n) _____ is a person responsible for the debt of a defendant if he or she fails to appear at the next court appearance. ​

Accepted Answer

A surety is a person who takes responsibility for the debt of a defendant if he or she fails to appear in court. This person may have to pay a penalty or bail amount if the defendant does not show up for the next court appearance. A trustee is a person who manages property or funds for another person or organization, amercement is a fine or penalty imposed by a court, and a claimant is a person who asserts a right or demand.

Question 3

A community corrections sentence is ___________ and not a guaranteed right. ​

Accepted Answer

Community corrections sentences are considered a privilege, as they offer an alternative to incarceration and are not guaranteed rights for offenders.

Question 4

_______ is a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community for the purpose of securing the defendant's next court appearance as an alternative to pretrial detention. ​

Accepted Answer

Pretrial release refers to a defendant being released from jail under the supervision of pretrial services, with the purpose of ensuring their appearance in court and avoiding unnecessary pretrial detention.

Question 5

The first pretrial release program was the _____, which began in 1960. ​

Accepted Answer

The Manhattan Bail Project, initiated in 1960, was the first pretrial release program aimed at reducing the reliance on monetary bail by assessing defendants' likelihood of appearing in court.

Question 6

Diversion attempts to keep offenders from the negative effects of _______, while at the same time providing rehabilitation programs in the community that address challenges the offender may face. ​

Accepted Answer

Diversion programs aim to keep offenders out of the prison system, or from being incarcerated, while still addressing their challenges and providing rehabilitation programs in the community.

Question 7

Which if the following forms of pretrial release calls for the defendant to pay no money to the court but is liable for the full bail amount if he/she fails to appear? ​

Accepted Answer

An unsecured bond allows the defendant to be released without paying any money upfront, but they are liable for the full bail amount if they fail to appear in court.

Question 8

The presentence investigation is always carried out by the probation officer ​

Accepted Answer

The presentence investigation is conducted after the conviction and before the sentencing phase, post-conviction, in order to provide the judge with information that may impact their ultimate decision on sentencing. The probation officer is responsible for conducting the investigation and preparing a report for the judge.

Question 9

Following arrest, one of the first decisions made is that regarding

Accepted Answer

Pretrial release is the decision that is made immediately after an arrest. It determines whether the defendant will be released or detained until the trial. Restitution, probation eligibility, and sentencing decisions are made later in the criminal justice process.

Question 10

The post-conviction stage in which the defendant is brought before the court for formal judgment pronounced by a judge is known as ______________. ​

Accepted Answer

The post-conviction stage in which the defendant is brought before the court for formal judgment pronounced by a judge is known as sentencing. At this stage, the judge decides the punishment or sentence that the defendant will receive after being found guilty of the crime. During the sentencing hearing, the defendant, victim, and relevant parties may present statements, evidence, and arguments before the judge makes the final decision. The initial appearance is the first court appearance in which the defendant is informed of the charges and their rights. The arraignment is the hearing in which the defendant enters a plea of guilty or not guilty. The indictment is the formal accusation of the crime against the defendant.

Question 11

_____ monitor how sentencing guidelines and judicial departures are used and make sentencing recommendations to a legislature. ​

Accepted Answer

Sentencing commissions are specifically created to monitor how sentencing guidelines and judicial departures are used, and make recommendations to the legislature about sentencing. U.S. Assistant Attorney Generals, specially appointed Judges, and court services officers may be involved in the sentencing process, but they do not have the same focus or authority as a dedicated sentencing commission.

Question 12

The primary reason for the adoption of sentencing guidelines was to ​

Accepted Answer

The primary reason for the adoption of sentencing guidelines was to control judicial discretion. Sentencing guidelines were instituted in the federal system and in many state systems in response to concerns about the wide disparities in sentences imposed for similar offenses. The guidelines were designed to promote consistency and fairness in sentencing by providing a framework for judges to use in determining appropriate sentences. By controlling judicial discretion, the guidelines sought to reduce disparities and promote consistency in sentencing outcomes.

Question 13

Judges engage in _____, which means that each individual case is considered in terms of its subjectivities, harms, wrongs, and contexts, and then measured against concepts such as oppression, freedom, dignity, and equality. ​

Accepted Answer

Reflective justice emphasizes the importance of considering the unique circumstances and perspectives of each individual case, rather than relying solely on general rules and punishments. This approach acknowledges the subjective nature of justice and aims to promote fairness and equity. Punitive justice, on the other hand, focuses on imposing penalties on offenders as a way of deterring future wrongdoing. Contemplative justice and social justice are related concepts, but not specifically tied to the individualized approach of reflective justice.

Question 14

Which of the following is often required for defendants on pretrial supervision? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is often required...

Question 15

The first task in conducting a presentence investigation is to meet with the offender and complete an investigatory worksheet. This meeting between the offender and the probation officer is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The meeting between the offender and the probation officer to complete the investigatory worksheet is commonly referred to as the initial interview. This is the first step in conducting a presentence investigation to gather information about the offender's background and circumstances, which may be relevant to sentencing. The other options listed, such as disposition meeting, intake interview, and classification meeting, may also be involved in the sentencing process but are not specifically related to the initial gathering of information through the presentence investigation.

Question 16

___________________ is an agency that assists the court in deciding whom to release and whom to detain based on validated assessment instruments and a pretrial interview of the defendant. ​

Accepted Answer

Pretrial services assist the court in making informed decisions about pretrial release based on risk assessment and other factors.

Question 17

_____ allows pretrial services officers to release defendants before the initial court appearance. ​

Accepted Answer

Delegated release authority allows pretrial services officers to release defendants before their initial court appearance. This authority is granted to officers based on their evaluation of the defendant's likelihood to appear in court and their potential danger to the community. Immunity refers to protection from legal action, sovereignty refers to a government's independence, and judicial reprieve power refers to a judge's ability to temporarily postpone or suspend a sentence.

Question 18

The part of the PSI that presents the offender's probability of risk to the community, the amount of harm the offender caused, the defendant's ability to pay monetary costs, and the defendant's need for treatment is the ​

Accepted Answer

The evaluative summary in the PSI presents the offender's probability of risk to the community, the amount of harm the offender caused, the defendant's ability to pay monetary costs, and the defendant's need for treatment. The prior record section includes the defendant's criminal history, the social history section examines the defendant's personal background, and the offense summary focuses on the details of the specific crime committed.

Question 19

Which of the following characteristics best describe pretrial release failures? ​

Accepted Answer

Pretrial release failures can have various characteristics, including being young offenders, high school dropouts, and substance abusers. Therefore, all of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Pretrial release programs supervise individuals who have been

Accepted Answer

Pretrial release programs supervise individuals who have been accused of a crime, but are not yet convicted and have been arrested for varying crimes. Therefore, all of the options (A, B, and C) apply.

Quiz 4: Pretrial Supervision Sentencing and Presentence Investigation Report

Which of the following is NOT one of the main purposes for the presentence investigative reports produced by probation officers? ​

A(n) _____ is a person responsible for the debt of a defendant if he or she fails to appear at the next court appearance. ​

A community corrections sentence is ___________ and not a guaranteed right. ​

_______ is a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community for the purpose of securing the defendant's next court appearance as an alternative to pretrial detention. ​

The first pretrial release program was the _____, which began in 1960. ​

Diversion attempts to keep offenders from the negative effects of _______, while at the same time providing rehabilitation programs in the community that address challenges the offender may face. ​

Which if the following forms of pretrial release calls for the defendant to pay no money to the court but is liable for the full bail amount if he/she fails to appear? ​

The presentence investigation is always carried out by the probation officer ​

Following arrest, one of the first decisions made is that regarding

The post-conviction stage in which the defendant is brought before the court for formal judgment pronounced by a judge is known as ______________. ​

_____ monitor how sentencing guidelines and judicial departures are used and make sentencing recommendations to a legislature. ​

The primary reason for the adoption of sentencing guidelines was to ​

Judges engage in _____, which means that each individual case is considered in terms of its subjectivities, harms, wrongs, and contexts, and then measured against concepts such as oppression, freedom, dignity, and equality. ​

Which of the following is often required for defendants on pretrial supervision? ​

The first task in conducting a presentence investigation is to meet with the offender and complete an investigatory worksheet. This meeting between the offender and the probation officer is referred to as the

___________________ is an agency that assists the court in deciding whom to release and whom to detain based on validated assessment instruments and a pretrial interview of the defendant. ​

_____ allows pretrial services officers to release defendants before the initial court appearance. ​

The part of the PSI that presents the offender's probability of risk to the community, the amount of harm the offender caused, the defendant's ability to pay monetary costs, and the defendant's need for treatment is the ​

Which of the following characteristics best describe pretrial release failures? ​

Pretrial release programs supervise individuals who have been

Which of the following is NOT one of the main purposes for the presentence investigative reports produced by probation officers?

A(n) _____ is a person responsible for the debt of a defendant if he or she fails to appear at the next court appearance.

A community corrections sentence is ___________ and not a guaranteed right.

_______ is a defendant's supervised release from jail into the community for the purpose of securing the defendant's next court appearance as an alternative to pretrial detention.

The first pretrial release program was the _____, which began in 1960.

Diversion attempts to keep offenders from the negative effects of _______, while at the same time providing rehabilitation programs in the community that address challenges the offender may face.

Which if the following forms of pretrial release calls for the defendant to pay no money to the court but is liable for the full bail amount if he/she fails to appear?

The presentence investigation is always carried out by the probation officer

The post-conviction stage in which the defendant is brought before the court for formal judgment pronounced by a judge is known as ______________.

_____ monitor how sentencing guidelines and judicial departures are used and make sentencing recommendations to a legislature.

The primary reason for the adoption of sentencing guidelines was to

Judges engage in _____, which means that each individual case is considered in terms of its subjectivities, harms, wrongs, and contexts, and then measured against concepts such as oppression, freedom, dignity, and equality.

Which of the following is often required for defendants on pretrial supervision?

___________________ is an agency that assists the court in deciding whom to release and whom to detain based on validated assessment instruments and a pretrial interview of the defendant.

_____ allows pretrial services officers to release defendants before the initial court appearance.

The part of the PSI that presents the offender's probability of risk to the community, the amount of harm the offender caused, the defendant's ability to pay monetary costs, and the defendant's need for treatment is the

Which of the following characteristics best describe pretrial release failures?