Question 1

A(n) _____ measure of behavior is the frequency with which a behavior occurs in a set period of time.
A) duration
B) interval
C) latency
D) rate

Accepted Answer

Rate is the correct term for a measure of behavior that refers to the frequency with which a behavior occurs in a set period of time.

Question 2

The term _____ refers to a predictive relationship between two events.
A) covariance
B) contiguity
C) contingency
D) correlation

Accepted Answer

Contingency refers to a predictive relationship where the occurrence of one event predicts the occurrence of another.

Question 3

In a large university housing area, students are often most likely to date those who live in units that are relatively near to their own. In other words, _____ seems to be an important factor in the formation of relationships.
A) spatial contiguity
B) temporal contiguity
C) temporal contingency
D) spatial contingency

Accepted Answer

Spatial contiguity refers to the closeness or physical proximity of objects or individuals, which is the factor being described as important in the formation of relationships in the given context.

Question 4

The term _____ refers to the extent to which events occur in close physical proximity to each other.
A) temporal contiguity
B) spatial contiguity
C) temporal contingency
D) spatial contingency

Accepted Answer

Spatial contiguity refers to the extent to which events are close to each other in physical space.

Question 5

The term _____ refers to the extent to which events occur close together in time.
A) temporal contiguity
B) spatial contiguity
C) temporal contingency
D) spatial contingency

Accepted Answer

Temporal contiguity refers to the extent to which events occur close together in time, emphasizing the timing aspect of their occurrence.

Question 6

Prediction is to nearness as
A) contingent is to noncontingent.
B) noncontingent is to contingent.
C) contiguous is to contingent.
D) contingent is to contiguous.

Accepted Answer

Prediction is related to nearness in the same way that contingent is related to contiguous, as both pairs involve a relationship of proximity or dependency.

Question 7

After eating a dozen hot dogs in one sitting, chances are that you would feel quite
A) deprived.
B) famished.
C) satiated.
D) deviated.

Accepted Answer

After eating a dozen hot dogs in one sitting, you would likely feel satiated, which means feeling full or satisfied, as opposed to feeling hungry or deprived.

Question 8

If there exists a causal relationship between event A and outcome B, then:
A) A is contingent on B.
B) B is contingent on A.
C) A is spatially contiguous with B.
D) B is spatially contiguous with A.

Accepted Answer

B is contingent on A because if there is a causal relationship, it means that the occurrence of event A is a condition for the occurrence of outcome B.

Question 9

A chair and a table are side by side. This means that they are:
A) temporally contingent.
B) temporally contiguous.
C) spatially contingent.
D) spatially contiguous.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "side by side" indicates that the chair and the table are next to each other in space, not time or dependent on a condition. Therefore, "spatially contiguous" is the correct term, as it means they are adjacent or in close proximity in space.

Question 10

At the sound of the starter's pistol, the sprinters quickly start running. Thus, the sound of the pistol and the start of running are:
A) temporally conjunctive.
B) spatially contiguous.
C) temporally contiguous.
D) spatially contingent.

Accepted Answer

The sound of the pistol and the start of running are temporally contiguous because they occur close together in time.

Question 11

If I wish to measure the effect of slight changes in caffeine level on a rat's behavior, I would need a sensitive measure of behavior. I should consider using a(n) _____ measure of response.
A) interval
B) latency
C) rate
D) topography

Accepted Answer

Rate measures the frequency of a behavior over time, making it sensitive to slight changes in behavior due to varying caffeine levels.

Question 12

A good behavioral definition should be
A) objective and ambiguous.
B) subjective and abstract.
C) objective and unambiguous.
D) unambiguous and abstract.

Accepted Answer

A good behavioral definition should be objective, meaning it is based on observable phenomena and not influenced by personal feelings or opinions, and unambiguous, meaning it is clear and precise without any room for misinterpretation.

Question 13

Rate of response is a favorite measure of behavior for some researchers because it is
A) a very salient measure of behavior.
B) a very sensitive measure of behavior.
C) a very robust measure of behavior.
D) a very subjective measure of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Rate of response is favored because it is a sensitive measure, meaning it can detect small changes in behavior, which is crucial for understanding the effects of different variables on behavior.

Question 14

Satiation usually _____ the _____ of an event.
A) decreases; appetitiveness
B) decreases; aversiveness
C) decreases; imperativeness
D) increases; appetitiveness

Accepted Answer

Satiation usually decreases the appetitiveness of an event, meaning that once an individual is satiated or fully satisfied, the attractiveness or appeal of the event or item in question typically diminishes.

Question 15

A good behavioral definition should refer to some _____ aspect of the behavior.
A) subjective
B) covert
C) abstract
D) observable

Accepted Answer

A good behavioral definition should refer to an observable aspect of the behavior, as this allows for clear, objective measurement and assessment. Observable behaviors can be seen and measured directly, making them essential for accurate behavioral analysis.

Question 16

Debbie suffers from insomnia whenever she drinks coffee in the evening. In other words, her insomnia is _____ upon coffee drinking.
A) spatially contiguous
B) contingent
C) covariable
D) functionally contiguous

Accepted Answer

Her insomnia depends on whether she drinks coffee in the evening, making it contingent upon coffee drinking.

Question 17

Closeness is to _____ as prediction is to _____.
A) functionality; contiguity
B) contingency; functionality
C) contingency; contiguity
D) contiguity; contingency

Accepted Answer

Closeness is synonymous with contiguity, which refers to the state of being close together in space or time. Prediction is related to contingency, which involves a future event or circumstance that is possible but cannot be predicted with certainty.

Question 18

A useful device for measuring the _____ of a behavior is a cumulative recorder.
A) topography
B) rate
C) latency
D) intensity

Accepted Answer

A cumulative recorder is used to measure the rate of a behavior, indicating how many times the behavior occurs within a specified time frame.

Question 19

Which of the following would constitute the most important aspect of a good behavioral definition of shyness?
A) Avoidance of groups of individuals
B) Feelings of shyness
C) Thoughts of shyness
D) Both b and c are correct.

Accepted Answer

A good behavioral definition focuses on observable actions, such as avoiding groups, rather than internal states like feelings or thoughts.

Question 20

Deprivation usually _____ the _____ of an event.
A) decreases; appetitiveness
B) increases; appetitiveness
C) decreases; adversiveness
D) increases; imperativeness

Accepted Answer

Deprivation typically increases the appetitiveness of an event, meaning that when someone is deprived of something, their desire or appetite for that thing tends to increase.

Quiz 2: Research Methods

A(n) _____ measure of behavior is the frequency with which a behavior occurs in a set period of time.

The term _____ refers to a predictive relationship between two events.

In a large university housing area, students are often most likely to date those who live in units that are relatively near to their own. In other words, _____ seems to be an important factor in the formation of relationships.

The term _____ refers to the extent to which events occur in close physical proximity to each other.

The term _____ refers to the extent to which events occur close together in time.

Prediction is to nearness as

After eating a dozen hot dogs in one sitting, chances are that you would feel quite

If there exists a causal relationship between event A and outcome B, then:

A chair and a table are side by side. This means that they are:

At the sound of the starter's pistol, the sprinters quickly start running. Thus, the sound of the pistol and the start of running are:

If I wish to measure the effect of slight changes in caffeine level on a rat's behavior, I would need a sensitive measure of behavior. I should consider using a(n) _____ measure of response.

A good behavioral definition should be

Rate of response is a favorite measure of behavior for some researchers because it is

Satiation usually _ the _ of an event.

A good behavioral definition should refer to some _____ aspect of the behavior.

Debbie suffers from insomnia whenever she drinks coffee in the evening. In other words, her insomnia is _____ upon coffee drinking.

Closeness is to _ as prediction is to _.

A useful device for measuring the _____ of a behavior is a cumulative recorder.

Which of the following would constitute the most important aspect of a good behavioral definition of shyness?

Deprivation usually _ the _ of an event.