Question 1

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _________ and is now functioning as a(n) _________.

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Question 2

An event is a(n) _________ if it follows a behavior and the future probability of that behavior decreases.

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Question 3

What is a generalized reinforcer? What are two examples of such reinforcers?

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Question 4

What is a discriminative stimulus? Define the three-term contingency and diagram an example. Be sure to include the appropriate symbol for each component in the example.

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Question 5

Define positive punishment and diagram an example. Define negative punishment and diagram an example. In the examples, be sure to include the appropriate symbol for each component.

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Question 6

The three-term contingency consists of a(n) _________, a(n) _________, and a(n) _________, in that order.

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Question 7

Each time a student cleans his room, he is hugged by his mother. As a result, he no longer cleans his room. This is an example of a type of contingency known as _________.

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Question 8

The gradual development of new operant behavior through reinforcement of successive approximations of that behavior is called _________.

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Question 9

Events that are innately reinforcing are called _________ reinforcers; events that become reinforcers through experience are called _________ reinforcers.

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Question 10

Explain why operant behaviors are said to be emitted and why they are defined as a class of responses.

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Question 11

Behaviors that are performed for their own sake are said to be _________ motivated; behaviors that are performed in order to achieve some additional incentive are said to be _________ motivated.

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Question 12

State Thorndike's law of effect. What is operant conditioning (as defined by Skinner) and how does this definition differ from Thorndike's law of effect?

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Question 13

A major advantage of using the sound of a whistle while training dolphins is that the whistle can be sounded _________ following the correct behavior.

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Question 14

Distinguish between primary and secondary reinforcers, and give an example of each.

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Question 15

Define the terms reinforcer and punisher . How do these terms differ from the terms reinforcement and punishment ?

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Question 16

Sacha enjoys hard work and often volunteers for projects that are quite demanding. According to the _________ theory, it is likely that, for Sacha, the act of expending a lot of effort has often been _________.

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Question 17

What are the similarities and differences between negative reinforcement and positive punishment?

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Question 18

How does immediacy affect the strength of a reinforcer? How does this often lead to difficulties for students in their studies?

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Question 19

Define positive reinforcement and diagram an example. Define negative reinforcement and diagram an example. In the examples, be sure to include the appropriate symbol for each component.

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Question 20

Money and praise are common examples of _________ reinforcers.

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Quiz 6: Operant Conditioning Introduction

At the zoo one day, you notice a zookeeper leading a rhinoceros into a pen by simply whistling at it. It is likely that the whistle has been paired with _ and is now functioning as a(n) _.