Question 1

Most aftershaves contain about 50 - 70%

Accepted Answer

Ethanol is the most common alcohol used in aftershaves due to its ability to effectively kill bacteria on the skin, which can help prevent infection from nicks or cuts caused by shaving. Methanol and acetone, while they have some antiseptic properties, can be toxic if absorbed through the skin in large amounts. 2-propanol is also sometimes used, but is less common than ethanol.

Question 2

Detergents and abrasives are the major active ingredients in

Accepted Answer

Detergents and abrasives are commonly found in toothpastes to help remove plaque and clean teeth.

Question 3

Which of the following cosmetics contain the greatest amount of fragrant compounds?

Accepted Answer

Perfumes contain the highest concentration of fragrant compounds among the given options. They are designed specifically to have a long-lasting and concentrated scent. Colognes and aftershave lotions also contain fragrant compounds, but in a lower concentration compared to perfumes. Toothpaste does not contain fragrant compounds to the extent that the other options do.

Question 4

The top note of a perfume

Accepted Answer

The top note of a perfume refers to the initial scent that is noticed when the perfume is first applied. It is usually a combination of the most volatile fragrance components and is meant to create an attractive first impression.

Question 5

Probably the oldest and most widely used cosmetics are

Accepted Answer

Perfumes have been used for thousands of years to mask body odors and enhance personal fragrance. Toothpastes, deodorants, and shampoos are relatively more recent innovations in cosmetics.

Question 6

In toothpaste,the most important function of the abrasive is to

Accepted Answer

The most important function of the abrasive in toothpaste is to remove the sticky dextran film known as plaque. Abrasives such as calcium carbonate, silica, and aluminum oxide work mechanically to scrub away the buildup of plaque, which contributes to tooth decay, gum disease, and bad breath. While toothpaste may also contain antibacterial agents and detergents, the abrasive is essential for achieving optimal oral hygiene. Producing a shiny gloss on the teeth is a secondary function of the polishing agents in toothpaste.

Question 7

The principal material of tooth enamel is

Accepted Answer

Tooth enamel is mainly composed of hydroxyapatite, which is a mineralized calcium phosphate highly resistant to acid attacks. Fluoride, protein, and collagen are also present in smaller amounts in tooth enamel, but they do not represent the principal material.

Question 8

Perfumes are

Accepted Answer

Perfumes are complex mixtures of compounds. They typically contain a mixture of various organic compounds that are responsible for the scent. There can be a large number of different compounds that make up a perfume, and the exact composition can vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific fragrance.

Question 9

The fraction of compounds in a perfume that have the highest volatility would be called the

Accepted Answer

Compounds with the highest volatility are the ones that evaporate quickly and are detected first in a perfume. These are referred to as top notes.

Question 10

The following is a list of ingredients in a familiar product: water,glycerin,hydrated silica,alumina,cellulose gum,sodium lauryl sulfate,wintergreen flavoring,sodium benzoate,titanium dioxide,sodium saccharin.The product is

Accepted Answer

The presence of hydrated silica and alumina suggests that the product is a toothpaste, as these are common abrasive ingredients in toothpaste that help clean the teeth. Additionally, the inclusion of wintergreen flavoring and sodium saccharin indicate that the product is likely a toothpaste meant for oral hygiene.

Question 11

What substance is added to aftershave lotions to provide a cooling effect?

Accepted Answer

Menthol is commonly added to aftershave lotions to provide a cooling and soothing effect on the skin.

Question 12

The fraction of compounds in a perfume that have the lowest volatility would be called the

Accepted Answer

The end note, also known as the base note, consists of compounds with the lowest volatility, which evaporate slowly and last the longest in a perfume.

Question 13

Identify the compound that is NOT used for odor in perfumes.

Accepted Answer

Methanol is not used for odor in perfumes. It is a type of alcohol that is toxic and can cause skin irritation, making it a poor choice for use in perfumes. A, B, and C are all commonly used scents in perfumes.

Question 14

A perfume's fragrance is just a bit too sweet and flowery.The perfume chemist might add some

Accepted Answer

Musk is a base note that has a slightly animalistic scent and can balance out the sweetness of the floral notes. Menthol is a cooling agent and would not enhance the fragrance, while adding more top notes would only increase the sweetness. Ethanol is a solvent used to dilute fragrances, but adding more would not change the overall scent profile.

Question 15

Colognes are about ________% as strong as perfumes.

Accepted Answer

Colognes typically contain about 2-4% perfume oil, making them roughly 10% as strong as perfumes, which usually contain 15-20% perfume oil.

Question 16

The layer of skin whose moisture content determines whether our skin feels moist and soft or dry and flaky is the

Accepted Answer

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as a barrier to protect the underlying layers. It contains cells called keratinocytes, which produce a protein called keratin that helps to trap moisture in the skin. The moisture content of the epidermis is what determines whether our skin feels moist and soft or dry and flaky.

Question 17

Colognes are

Accepted Answer

Colognes are a type of fragrance that is less concentrated than perfumes and is typically diluted with a solvent, such as alcohol. This makes them milder than perfumes, and they are often used as a refreshing body splash or aftershave. However, they are not necessarily the same as aftershaves, which are specifically meant to soothe and cool the skin after shaving. Colognes can be made from both natural and synthetic ingredients.

Question 18

A commonly used abrasive that is NOT used in toothpaste is

Accepted Answer

Sugar is commonly used as an abrasive in some exfoliating scrubs and body washes, but it is not used in toothpaste. The other options (calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and calcium pyrophosphate) are all commonly used abrasives in toothpaste.

Question 19

The substance left out of most hypoallergenic cosmetics is

Accepted Answer

Perfume is typically the substance that is left out of most hypoallergenic cosmetics as it is a common irritant for those with sensitive skin. Hydrogen peroxide, oil, and salt are not typically substances that are left out of hypoallergenic cosmetics.

Question 20

Which substance strengthens tooth enamel?

Accepted Answer

Fluoride is a mineral that has been proven to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent tooth decay. It helps replace lost minerals in the enamel and makes it more resistant to acid attacks from bacteria in the mouth. Abrasives may help remove surface stains but can damage the enamel if used excessively. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria and food particles that can erode enamel if not removed through regular brushing and flossing. Protein is essential for healthy tooth structure but does not specifically strengthen enamel.

Quiz 21: Household Chemicals