Question 1

While at the bookstore, you listen in on an author speaking to a crowd of fans about her research and experience working with color in the clothing industry. She talks about the biology behind color, including how our eyes have thousands of receptors that are each sensitive to a different range of light wavelengths. As she continues, you realize she is explaining the ____ theory of color vision. ​

Accepted Answer

The author is discussing the biology of color, specifically the receptors in our eyes that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, which is the basis of the trichromatic theory of color vision. The synesthetic theory is related to the mixing of senses (e.g. seeing colors when hearing sounds), the gate-control theory is related to pain perception, and the opponent-process theory is related to the way our brains process color information in opposing pairs (e.g. red vs. green, blue vs. yellow).

Question 2

Haley is very upset about her hearing loss, but she is thrilled when the doctor tells her that they can treat her deafness by breaking apart the bones in her middle ear. Haley is experiencing ____ deafness. ​

Accepted Answer

Haley's treatment involves breaking apart the bones in her middle ear, which suggests that her hearing loss is due to a problem with the conduction of sound waves. This is known as conduction deafness. Nerve deafness, on the other hand, is caused by damage to the auditory nerve or the hair cells in the cochlea, and is typically not treated by breaking apart the bones in the middle ear. Transduction refers to the process by which sound waves are converted into neural signals, and is not a type of hearing loss. Tympanic refers to the eardrum, and is not a type of hearing loss either.

Question 3

The ____ theory best explains the phenomena of complementary colors. ​

Accepted Answer

The opponent-process theory states that there are three opposing pairs of color receptors in the retina, one for red-green, one for blue-yellow, and one for black-white. When one color in a pair is activated, the other is inhibited. This theory best explains the phenomena of complementary colors, which are pairs of colors that produce white or gray when combined, such as red and green or blue and yellow.

Question 4

Dr. Tsunami wants to produce a sound that will be perceived as very loud. He should produce a waveform that has ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The perception of loudness is primarily determined by the amplitude (or height) of a sound wave. Therefore, to produce a sound that will be perceived as very loud, Dr. Tsunami should produce a waveform with a large amplitude.

Question 5

Terry loves to listen to the violin. As a joke, Carry replaces Terry's favorite CD, "Sounds of the Violin," with the CD "Sounds of the Cello." When the music starts playing, Terry immediately knows that the sounds were not made by the violin because each instrument has a unique ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Each instrument has a unique timbre, which is the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another. Therefore, Terry was able to recognize that the sounds were not made by the violin because the timbre of a cello is different from that of a violin. Pitch refers to how high or low a sound is, frequency is the number of waves per second, and wavelength is the distance between two peaks of a sound wave.

Question 6

While daydreaming, Felix stares at a yellow school bus. When he then looks at a white wall, he sees the color ____. This is best explained by the ____ theory. ​

Accepted Answer

According to the opponent-process theory, staring at one color for an extended period of time can create an afterimage of its opponent color. In this case, staring at the yellow school bus would create an afterimage of blue when Felix looks at the white wall. This phenomenon supports option D, where Felix sees the color blue.

Question 7

Brittany observed that the people having conversations on cell phones are quite loud-spoken, while those having conversations on pay phones were quite soft-spoken. Those using cell phones are producing a higher ____ of sound waves than are those using pay phones. ​

Accepted Answer

Amplitude is the measure of the strength or intensity of a sound wave, and louder sounds have higher amplitudes. Therefore, the people using cell phones are producing higher amplitudes of sound waves than those using pay phones. The other options, frequency, timbre, and wavelength, do not necessarily correspond to the volume or loudness of a sound.

Question 8

The ____ sense is the only one that does not send information to the cortex via the thalamus. ​

Accepted Answer

The olfactory sense (sense of smell) is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus and sends information directly to the olfactory bulb in the brain. This allows for a quicker processing of odor information before it reaches the cortex.

Question 9

Dr. Laboy's research on human hearing shows that if a person listens to a tone of 1,000 cycles per second (hertz), the acoustic nerve produces 1,000 action potentials per second. Dr. Laboy's results support the idea of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Laboy's research supports the volley theory, which suggests that groups of neurons in the auditory system take turns firing in response to sound waves to generate action potentials that match the frequency of the sound. This allows the brain to perceive sounds with frequencies greater than what a single neuron can respond to.

Question 10

Creighton has been working in construction for many years. At first, his co-workers warn him to wear earplugs, but he refuses. Now he can no longer hear sounds at high pitches. Creighton's ____ have been damaged. ​

Accepted Answer

Hair cells in the cochlea of the inner ear are responsible for detecting sound waves and transmitting them as electrical signals to the brain. Damage to these hair cells can result in hearing loss, especially in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds.

Question 11

As you listen to your brilliant psychology instructor in class, the sound will travel through which of the following paths? ​

Accepted Answer

The correct path for sound to travel from the outer ear to the brain is: pinna (the outer part of the ear that we can see, which captures sound waves), acoustic nerve (which carries the sound information from the cochlea to the brain), thalamus (a relay station in the brain for sensory information), and finally the primary auditory cortex (where the brain processes auditory information).

Question 12

Tim and Amy are listening to their TV surround-sound system. They are impressed with the low tones of the grizzly bear in the movie that they are watching. Tim and Amy are happy with the ____ of sound. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tim and Amy are listening to their...

Question 13

Chiang wishes he had a date. As he changes the channels on TV one day, he hears a commercial stating, "The pheromones in our product guarantee you'll get a date the first time you use it!" That product would most likely be a ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The commercial mentions pheromones and guarantees a date, suggesting that the product is a perfume or spray that Chiang would put on his body to attract potential partners. A tape of music with subliminal messages or a mask that covers his face would not have anything to do with pheromones, and slipping a drug into someone's drink is illegal and unethical.

Question 14

Most of the properties that make food taste good are the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The sense of smell plays a significant role in how we perceive flavor. Odors detected by the olfactory system help to identify different foods and enhance their taste. The other options (A, B, D) may have some influence on taste, but they are not the primary drivers of taste perception.

Question 15

Transduction of auditory information takes place in the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The cochlea is the structure in the inner ear responsible for transducing auditory information, or converting sound waves into neural impulses that can be processed by the brain. The fovea is responsible for visual acuity, the pinna helps to collect sound waves and direct them into the ear canal, and the malleus is one of the three tiny bones in the middle ear that help to transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

Question 16

Clifford the cat can move his accessory structures for hearing to help him localize the source of even a very faint sound. In other words, unlike most humans, Clifford can move his ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Accessory structures for hearing refer to the outer ear, including the pinnae, which help in amplifying and localizing sounds. Basilar membrane, stapes, and organs of Corti are all internal structures located in the middle and inner ear that are involved in processing sound waves.

Question 17

In a freak accident involving ice, a potato gun, and a ballpoint pen, Justin damages part of his ear. Now Justin can no longer generate vibrations that match the sound waves entering his ear. Justin has most likely damaged his ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a freak accident involving ice, a...

Question 18

Shane was on the rifle team all through high school and college. After years of exposure to the excessive noise of gunfire, Shane became partially deaf when the hair cells in his ears were damaged. Shane most likely has ____ deafness. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shane was on the rifle team all...

Question 19

Ophelia has two types of cones: those sensitive to red light and those sensitive to green light. Ophelia has ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Having only two types of cones, sensitive to red and green light, means Ophelia lacks the third type of cone, which is typically sensitive to blue light. This condition would result in a form of colorblindness, as normal vision relies on three types of cones to perceive the full spectrum of colors.

Question 20

When he watches the movie Halloween , Julio gets creeped out by the music. When you laugh at him, he says, "Those repetitive high notes on the piano scare me out of my mind! Even if I can barely hear the music, it still freaks me out." Julio is referring to the ____ of the music. ​

Accepted Answer

Pitch refers to the frequency of the sound waves and how high or low they are. Julio specifically mentions the repetitive high notes on the piano, indicating that it's the pitch that is causing his fear.

Quiz 4: Sensation and Perception

Haley is very upset about her hearing loss, but she is thrilled when the doctor tells her that they can treat her deafness by breaking apart the bones in her middle ear. Haley is experiencing ____ deafness.

The ____ theory best explains the phenomena of complementary colors.

Dr. Tsunami wants to produce a sound that will be perceived as very loud. He should produce a waveform that has ____.

Terry loves to listen to the violin. As a joke, Carry replaces Terry's favorite CD, "Sounds of the Violin," with the CD "Sounds of the Cello." When the music starts playing, Terry immediately knows that the sounds were not made by the violin because each instrument has a unique ____.

While daydreaming, Felix stares at a yellow school bus. When he then looks at a white wall, he sees the color . This is best explained by the theory.

Brittany observed that the people having conversations on cell phones are quite loud-spoken, while those having conversations on pay phones were quite soft-spoken. Those using cell phones are producing a higher ____ of sound waves than are those using pay phones.

The ____ sense is the only one that does not send information to the cortex via the thalamus.

Dr. Laboy's research on human hearing shows that if a person listens to a tone of 1,000 cycles per second (hertz) , the acoustic nerve produces 1,000 action potentials per second. Dr. Laboy's results support the idea of ____.

Creighton has been working in construction for many years. At first, his co-workers warn him to wear earplugs, but he refuses. Now he can no longer hear sounds at high pitches. Creighton's ____ have been damaged.

As you listen to your brilliant psychology instructor in class, the sound will travel through which of the following paths?

Tim and Amy are listening to their TV surround-sound system. They are impressed with the low tones of the grizzly bear in the movie that they are watching. Tim and Amy are happy with the ____ of sound.

Chiang wishes he had a date. As he changes the channels on TV one day, he hears a commercial stating, "The pheromones in our product guarantee you'll get a date the first time you use it!" That product would most likely be a ____.

Most of the properties that make food taste good are the ____.

Transduction of auditory information takes place in the ____.

Clifford the cat can move his accessory structures for hearing to help him localize the source of even a very faint sound. In other words, unlike most humans, Clifford can move his ____.

In a freak accident involving ice, a potato gun, and a ballpoint pen, Justin damages part of his ear. Now Justin can no longer generate vibrations that match the sound waves entering his ear. Justin has most likely damaged his ____.

Shane was on the rifle team all through high school and college. After years of exposure to the excessive noise of gunfire, Shane became partially deaf when the hair cells in his ears were damaged. Shane most likely has ____ deafness.

Ophelia has two types of cones: those sensitive to red light and those sensitive to green light. Ophelia has ____.

When he watches the movie Halloween , Julio gets creeped out by the music. When you laugh at him, he says, "Those repetitive high notes on the piano scare me out of my mind! Even if I can barely hear the music, it still freaks me out." Julio is referring to the ____ of the music.