Question 1

Isaac argues that most current IQ tests are useless because they are unfairly biased against certain cultural groups. According to your text, Isaac's argument is supported by three of the following factors. Which statement is inaccurate?  ​

Accepted Answer

The statement "Most current IQ tests fail to predict success as well as the more 'culture-fair' IQ tests" is accurate and supports Isaac's argument. The other three statements are all accurate and also support his argument.

Question 2

Compared to conventional IQ tests, culture-fair tests ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Culture-fair tests are designed to minimize the influence of cultural and language differences on test performance. However, because they may not fully capture the range of skills and knowledge that contribute to academic success in a specific cultural context, they often do not predict academic achievement as accurately as conventional IQ tests.

Question 3

Which of the following is not an accurate finding about Head Start programs? ​

Accepted Answer

Research on Head Start programs indicates that while there are immediate IQ gains, these tend to fade within a few years after children leave the program. However, benefits such as improved health, reduced grade retention, and increased motivation and academic skills have been documented.

Question 4

Meredith was in a Head Start program as a child. What was the most likely result? ​

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that enrollment in early childhood education programs such as Head Start can have positive effects on children's attitudes toward school, health, and academic skills. While there may be variability in outcomes and not necessarily a dramatic change in IQ scores, there is evidence of long-term benefits for children who participate in these programs. Option C may also be a possible outcome, but there is no mention of stress coping training in the question stem. Option A and D are less likely outcomes.

Question 5

According to Charles Spearman, scores of cognitive ability are the result of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Charles Spearman proposed the theory of general intelligence (g) which suggests that scores on cognitive ability tests are influenced by both general intelligence and special intelligences.

Question 6

To win at the game Jeopardy! a player must know facts about a variety of subjects. Which individual would you want to play for your team? ​

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence is defined as the ability to use knowledge acquired through past learning and experience. Therefore, Claudette's knowledge base would be most useful in a game of Jeopardy! where knowing facts is key to winning. Angela's cognitive complexity, Barnie's convergent thinking, and Dick's metacognition might be useful in other settings, but may not necessarily translate to success in a game of Jeopardy! which requires a broad range of factual knowledge.

Question 7

Dana is excellent in Trivial Pursuit, a game that measures knowledge gained over a lifetime. Dana's success in Trivial Pursuit is a reflection of her ____intelligence. ​

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to knowledge and skills that are acquired through experience and education over a lifetime, such as language proficiency, general knowledge, and expertise in specific domains. Trivial Pursuit requires a vast amount of general knowledge, making it a good measure of crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, refers to the ability to solve novel problems and think abstractly, while process intelligence pertains to how efficiently one processes information. Intrapersonal intelligence relates to self-awareness and understanding of one's own emotions and motivations, which are not directly relevant to success in Trivial Pursuit.

Question 8

Psychologist Raymond Cattell would say that playing a game involving inductive and deductive reasoning ability, such as chess, primarily requires ____. He also would say that taking a test of geographical knowledge would primarily involve ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell believed that chess primarily requires fluid intelligence, which involves problem-solving and reasoning abilities. On the other hand, taking a test of geographical knowledge would primarily involve crystallized intelligence, which is the accumulation of knowledge and skills over time.

Question 9

The R&M test claims to be a test without cultural bias-anyone from any cultural background would be equally advantaged or disadvantaged on the test. The R&M test is a(n)____test. ​

Accepted Answer

The R&M test is a culture-fair test, meaning that it is designed to be free of cultural bias and to measure intellectual ability without being influenced by cultural background or experience.

Question 10

Galya is from Russia and is given an intelligence test when she arrives in the United States. If the administrator of the test is conscious of the fact that Galya is from another culture, the test will be composed of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Pattern recognition items are considered culturally fair because they require little or no prior knowledge of the culture in which the test taker was raised. Vocabulary words and spelling items may be biased towards individuals who speak English as their first language, and story problems may require a background knowledge of American culture.

Question 11

Jennifer's daughter, Christy, has just "graduated" from the local Head Start program. This fall, she will start kindergarten. According to current thinking about the maintenance of gains from early enrichment programs, which outcome is most likely? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jennifer's daughter, Christy, has just "graduated" from...

Question 12

Diti tries to study the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores. Diti most likely follows the ____approach to intelligence. ​

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach focuses on analyzing test scores and understanding the structure of intelligence through statistical analysis of different abilities. This is what Diti is doing in her study, so the correct answer would be A. The ecological approach focuses on analyzing how intelligence interacts with the environment, the information-processing approach focuses on analyzing how cognitive processes contribute to intelligence, and the multiple intelligences approach suggests that there are several distinct types of intelligence. None of these approaches directly relate to Diti's study.

Question 13

Juanita is creating a culture-fair test to measure the intelligence levels of her third-graders. Her test will probably consist primarily of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

To create a culture-fair test, Juanita will need to avoid items that require specific knowledge or experience that may be unique to a particular culture. Problem-solving skills are not culture-specific and can be assessed without cultural bias.

Question 14

Mark is asked to use his reasoning skills to solve a problem. Jean is asked a specific knowledge question. According to Cattell, Mark will most likely use ____intelligence, while Jean will most likely use ____intelligence. ​

Accepted Answer

According to Cattell's fluid-crystallized intelligence theory, fluid intelligence is the ability to reason and solve problems independent of previously acquired knowledge, while crystallized intelligence is the ability to use knowledge gained through past experience or education. Therefore, Mark who is using his reasoning skills to solve a problem will most likely use fluid intelligence, while Jean who is being asked a specific knowledge question will most likely use crystallized intelligence.

Question 15

If you obtained a high score on a test that measured basic powers of reasoning and problem solving where all the facts were supplied to you during the test, this would indicate that you have high ____intelligence. ​

Accepted Answer

The test measuring basic powers of reasoning and problem solving with supplied facts would be testing fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to reason and problem solve in novel, unfamiliar situations. Crystalized intelligence, on the other hand, refers to knowledge and skills gained through experience and education. Meta intelligence, while a popular term in the field of cognitive psychology, is not typically used to describe a specific type of intelligence. Verbal intelligence would be more relevant to language-based tasks.

Question 16

Programs aimed at enriching children's environments, such as Project Head Start, have been found to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Programs like Project Head Start have shown initial improvements in children's IQ scores, but numerous studies indicate that these gains often diminish over time, especially if the children do not continue to receive educational support or enrichment.

Question 17

Mrs. Blair is a fourth grade teacher. She has been told that her new student, Vish, is an exceptionally bright student. Based on your knowledge of teacher expectancies, which outcome is least likely? ​

Accepted Answer

Based on the phenomenon of the Pygmalion effect, Mrs. Blair's high expectations of Vish may lead to an increase in his intellectual performance. Therefore, it is least likely that Vish will not demonstrate a modest-to-significant increase in his IQ score. Options A, B, and C are all possible outcomes of teacher expectancies.

Question 18

Chet scored high on an IQ test that measures reasoning, test taking, and reading. He attributes these abilities to his high overall intelligence. He also believes that high intelligence predicts doing most tasks well and low intelligence predicts poor performance. Chet's concept of intelligence is most similar to the ____approach to intelligence. ​

Accepted Answer

Chet's belief that high intelligence predicts doing most tasks well and low intelligence predicts poor performance aligns with the psychometric approach to intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of standardized tests and the importance of general intelligence (g) in predicting overall cognitive ability. The other approaches (information-processing, ecological, and multiple intelligences) focus on different aspects of intelligence, such as cognitive processes, cultural and environmental factors, and multiple types of intelligence beyond just the general factor.

Question 19

Shavonne, an elementary school teacher, is told that some of her students scored very high on a scholastic aptitude measure. Actually, these "high aptitude" students were chosen randomly, regardless of ability. During the next year of school, these students' IQ scores increased more than the scores of other students who were in Shavonne's class. According to your text, the most likely explanation for these students' IQ gain is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The most likely explanation for these students' IQ gain is the teacher's expectations for her students. This is known as the Pygmalion effect, where teachers' expectations of their students can significantly influence students' performance. In this case, the teacher may have unknowingly treated the "high aptitude" students differently, providing them with more opportunities to succeed and pushing them to perform at a higher level, leading to greater IQ gains.

Question 20

You are trying to construct items for a new culture-fair IQ test. Which item would you be least likely to include? ​

Accepted Answer

A culture-fair IQ test aims to minimize cultural and educational biases. Option C requires specific historical knowledge, which may not be universally known across different cultures, making it less suitable for a culture-fair test.

Quiz 8: Intelligence

Isaac argues that most current IQ tests are useless because they are unfairly biased against certain cultural groups. According to your text, Isaac's argument is supported by three of the following factors. Which statement is inaccurate?

Compared to conventional IQ tests, culture-fair tests ____.

Which of the following is not an accurate finding about Head Start programs?

Meredith was in a Head Start program as a child. What was the most likely result?

According to Charles Spearman, scores of cognitive ability are the result of ____.

To win at the game Jeopardy! a player must know facts about a variety of subjects. Which individual would you want to play for your team?

Dana is excellent in Trivial Pursuit, a game that measures knowledge gained over a lifetime. Dana's success in Trivial Pursuit is a reflection of her ____intelligence.

Psychologist Raymond Cattell would say that playing a game involving inductive and deductive reasoning ability, such as chess, primarily requires . He also would say that taking a test of geographical knowledge would primarily involve .

The R&M test claims to be a test without cultural bias-anyone from any cultural background would be equally advantaged or disadvantaged on the test. The R&M test is a(n) ____test.

Galya is from Russia and is given an intelligence test when she arrives in the United States. If the administrator of the test is conscious of the fact that Galya is from another culture, the test will be composed of ____.

Jennifer's daughter, Christy, has just "graduated" from the local Head Start program. This fall, she will start kindergarten. According to current thinking about the maintenance of gains from early enrichment programs, which outcome is most likely?

Diti tries to study the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores. Diti most likely follows the ____approach to intelligence.

Juanita is creating a culture-fair test to measure the intelligence levels of her third-graders. Her test will probably consist primarily of ____.

Mark is asked to use his reasoning skills to solve a problem. Jean is asked a specific knowledge question. According to Cattell, Mark will most likely use intelligence, while Jean will most likely use intelligence.

If you obtained a high score on a test that measured basic powers of reasoning and problem solving where all the facts were supplied to you during the test, this would indicate that you have high ____intelligence.

Programs aimed at enriching children's environments, such as Project Head Start, have been found to ____.

Mrs. Blair is a fourth grade teacher. She has been told that her new student, Vish, is an exceptionally bright student. Based on your knowledge of teacher expectancies, which outcome is least likely?

You are trying to construct items for a new culture-fair IQ test. Which item would you be least likely to include?