Question 1

Which of these changes was accomplished during the Taisho democracy?

Accepted Answer

During the Taisho democracy, suffrage was expanded to include all Japanese men, not women. However, this did not necessarily lead to full democratic representation as political power remained concentrated in the hands of the political and economic elite. Choice A is incorrect because women did not get the vote until after World War II. Choice B is incorrect as the old oligarchy did maintain some power, albeit with some changes. Choice C is incorrect as the emperor remained a figurehead throughout the Taisho period. Choice D is incorrect as there were still some political conflicts, although they were generally less severe than in earlier periods.

Question 2

Overall, revolutionary Marxism had its greatest impact outside of Europe in

Accepted Answer

Although revolutionary Marxism had some impact in India, Japan, Mexico, and Brazil, its greatest impact outside of Europe was in China. The Chinese Communist Party was founded in 1921 and gained power in China in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong, implementing Marxist policies and principles.

Question 3

To avoid eradication by Chiang's army, Mao led his PLA from South China to the North China town of Yan'an. This journey has come to be called the

Accepted Answer

The journey Mao led his PLA on from South China to the North China town of Yan'an is known as the Long March. This was a heroic feat by the Communist forces, covering over 6,000 miles and lasting a year, from October 1934 to October 1935. The Long March enabled the Communist forces to evade Chiang's army and regroup in northern China.

Question 4

In 1929, Chiang Kai-shek founded a new Chinese republic at

Accepted Answer

Chiang Kai-shek founded a new Chinese republic at Nanjing in 1929.

Question 5

The so-called "May Fourth Movement" was

Accepted Answer

The May Fourth Movement was a series of student-led demonstrations and protests in China in 1919, sparked by the decision of the Treaty of Versailles to award Germany's sphere of influence in Shandong Province to Japan rather than returning it to China. It became a turning point in China's intellectual history, leading to a new era of Chinese nationalism and cultural identity.

Question 6

Prior to seizing power in Iran, Reza Khan was a/an

Accepted Answer

Reza Khan was an army officer who rose to power through military leadership and a coup against the ruling Qajar dynasty.

Question 7

During the New Culture era, radical reformists tended to see traditional culture as

Accepted Answer

Radical reformists during the New Culture era tended to see traditional culture as a tool of feudal oppression that needed to be rejected and replaced with modern, progressive values. They believed that China's traditional culture was responsible for holding the country back and preventing it from modernizing and becoming a powerful, prosperous nation.

Question 8

After World War I

Accepted Answer

After World War I, Ibn Saud established the kingdom of Saudi Arabia by unifying different tribes in the Arabian Peninsula under his leadership. Yemen did not become the dominant state, Standard Oil did not find oil at Tehran, Aramco was not created until later, and the British did try to establish a Jewish state in Palestine but this was not immediately after World War I.

Question 9

Lu Xun saw the Confucian family as a "____" system.

Accepted Answer

Lu Xun, a leading figure of modern Chinese literature, often criticized traditional Chinese society and ideologies, including Confucianism. He metaphorically described the Confucian family system as a "man-eating" society, highlighting its oppressive and stifling nature.

Question 10

During the 1920s

Accepted Answer

During the 1920s, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) followed the advice of the Comintern and formed an alliance with the Nationalist Party (also known as the Kuomintang or KMT) in 1923. This alliance was initiated as part of the First United Front, aimed at unifying China against foreign imperialism. Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Nationalist Party, had died in 1925, and the alliance began to break down after his successor, Chiang Kai-shek, launched a purge of Communists in 1927.

Question 11

Where did a famous alliance between communist and nationalist parties in the 1920s take place?

Accepted Answer

The famous alliance between the communist and nationalist parties in the 1920s took place in China.

Question 12

The New Culture Movement at Peking University

Accepted Answer

The New Culture Movement at Peking University advocated the study of science and democracy and "new" and largely Western ideas, as well as rejecting traditional Confucian values. Hence, the best choice is D.

Question 13

What was the Bolsheviks primary instrument for spreading the message of Marxism beyond Europe?

Accepted Answer

The Comintern (short for Communist International) was formed by the Bolsheviks in 1919 as a way to spread the message of Marxism beyond Europe. It was an organization of communist parties from around the world that aimed to promote revolution and establish socialist states. The Comintern also provided financial and logistical support to communist movements in other countries.

Question 14

In an effort to find allies in a hostile world, Lenin

Accepted Answer

Lenin recognized that his communist revolution in Russia faced significant opposition from capitalist nations, so he sought to build alliances with other anti-colonial nationalist movements as potential allies in their mutual struggle against imperialism. The Comintern (Communist International) was established to coordinate and support communist parties around the world, but its primary focus was on promoting revolution in colonial and semi-colonial countries. These efforts were aimed at creating conditions for proletarian revolution throughout the world.

Question 15

The New Life Movement

Accepted Answer

The New Life Movement rejected excessive individualism and materialism and called for a return to traditional Chinese values such as self-discipline and social morality. It was supported by Chiang Kai-shek and his Nationalist government in the 1930s, and was seen as a way to promote nationalism and social stability.

Question 16

In the Middle East during the interwar period,

Accepted Answer

The massive oil discovery at Dhahran in 1938 was a game changer for Saudi Arabia, moving it from being an area of chronic poverty to one of unexpected national affluence. This discovery greatly impacted the Middle East during the interwar period.

Question 17

Chiang's "New Life Movement" was an effort to

Accepted Answer

Chiang's "New Life Movement" aimed to promote Confucian social ethics and reject Western capitalist values of excessive greed and individualism. The movement believed that promoting traditional Chinese values would make for a more socially harmonious and stable society.

Question 18

By the mid-1930s

Accepted Answer

By the mid-1930s, Chinese urban areas had indeed seen a significant influence of Western culture in terms of fashion and social practices. However, the vast majority of the Chinese population lived in rural areas, where traditional customs and ways of life, including those influenced by Confucianism, remained deeply entrenched.

Question 19

The main focus of Chinese intellectuals' assault on the old system and values was the Confucian concept of

Accepted Answer

Chinese intellectuals' assault on the old system and values was centered on the Confucian concept of the family, particularly the patriarchal structure of the family and the emphasis on filial piety. They criticized this concept, arguing that it perpetuated social inequalities and hindered progress.

Question 20

According to the Balfour Declaration,

Accepted Answer

The Balfour Declaration stated that Britain supported the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine.

Quiz 24: Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America From 1919 to 1939