Question 1

A group of people who share one or more varieties of language and the rules for using any or all of those varieties in everyday communication is called a
A)linguistic community.
B)speech community.
C)community of practice.
D)competent community.

Accepted Answer

A speech community is defined as a group of people who share one or more varieties of language and understand the rules for using those varieties in everyday communication.

Question 2

The R in MAR stands for
A)reality.
B)reaction.
C)repair.
D)restitution.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

The A of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to
A)attitudes.
B)astuteness.
C)answers.
D)act sequence.

Accepted Answer

The A in Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model stands for "Act sequence," which refers to the order of actions and how they are related to the form and content of the speech.

Question 4

The E of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to
A)events.
B)ends.
C)efforts.
D)elements.

Accepted Answer

The E in Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model stands for "Ends," which refers to the outcomes or goals of a conversation, including the personal goals and any formal outcomes expected from the interaction.

Question 5

In the 1960s, American linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes began to develop a fieldwork methodology for studying language in its social and cultural contexts. This methodology was called
A)the ethnography of speaking.
B)ethnoscience.
C)speaking in context.
D)the new ethnography.

Accepted Answer

Dell Hymes developed the concept of the "ethnography of speaking," which focuses on studying language use across different social and cultural contexts. This approach emphasizes understanding how people use language in their everyday lives and how it relates to their cultural practices.

Question 6

The P of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to
A)politeness.
B)posture.
C)presentation.
D)participants.

Accepted Answer

The "P" in Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model stands for "Participants," referring to the speaker and the audience involved in the communication process.

Question 7

A group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language is called a
A)linguistic community.
B)speech community.
C)community of practice.
D)competent community.

Accepted Answer

A linguistic community is a group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language.

Question 8

If I understand and laugh along with Thai friends at a joke told in Thai, I will have achieved some degree of
A)linguistic competence.
B)communicative competence.
C)gestalt.
D)nirvana.

Accepted Answer

Communicative competence involves not only understanding the language but also the social and cultural context of its use, which is necessary to appreciate humor.

Question 9

The S of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to
A)sense.
B)setting/situation.
C)syllables.
D)signs.

Accepted Answer

The "S" in Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model stands for "Setting/Situation," referring to the time and place of a speech act and the physical circumstances.

Question 10

A group of individuals who interact regularly, developing unique ways of doing things together (including, potentially, ways of speaking together), is called a
A)linguistic community.
B)speech community.
C)community of practice.
D)competent community.

Accepted Answer

A community of practice is a group of individuals who interact regularly, developing shared practices, including language and ways of doing things together.

Question 11

The way to "get" symbolic capital is to
A)be physically attractive.
B)earn a lot of money.
C)speak acceptably and "correctly" in any given situation.
D)live in a desirable neighborhood.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic capital refers to the prestige, recognition, or respect one gains within a social context, often through mastery of language, culture, or social norms. Speaking acceptably and "correctly" in any given situation can enhance one's social standing or prestige, which is essentially acquiring symbolic capital.

Question 12

Ottenheimer learned that her Japanese students did not ask questions during the class period, but instead came up after class to ask questions, because
A)in Japan, it is considered deeply embarrassing to have anyone know that you are confused.
B)they were concerned about their linguistic competence in English.
C)in Japan, it is considered rude to waste other students' time with individual questions.
D)they thought that the other students might laugh at them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ottenheimer learned that her Japanese students did...

Question 13

A speaker's underlying ability to produce and recognize grammatically correct expressions is called
A)linguistic competence.
B)verbal competence.
C)communicative competence.
D)structural competence.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic competence refers to a speaker's underlying knowledge about the system of rules of a language, enabling them to produce and recognize grammatically correct sentences.

Question 14

The K of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the mood or spirit in which communication takes place. This is called the
A)key.
B)kinesics.
C)kiosk.
D)knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The "K" in Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model stands for "Key," which refers to the tone, manner, or spirit in which a message is conveyed.

Question 15

The ability to speak a language well in a variety of social situations is called
A)linguistic competence.
B)verbal competence.
C)communicative competence.
D)poetic competence.

Accepted Answer

Communicative competence refers to the ability to use language correctly and appropriately in various social contexts, encompassing not just grammatical correctness but also the social rules of language use.

Question 16

The different varieties of a single language that are used for various purposes such as making a formal speech, telling a joke to friends, or discussing a scientific experiment, are called:
A)registers.
B)languages change too fast for dictionaries to keep up.
C)you need at least two dictionaries to learn another language thoroughly.
D)a good dictionary must include a thesaurus.

Accepted Answer

Registers are variations of a language used for different purposes or in different social settings, ranging from formal to informal contexts.

Question 17

Refusing dessert on the first offer, and assuming that there will be a second or even a third offer, is an example of
A)different modalities.
B)indirection.
C)symbolic capital.
D)mutual intelligibility

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of indirection, where a person might refuse an offer initially due to politeness or cultural norms, expecting that the offer will be made again.

Question 18

Someone who demonstrates communicative competence can also lay claim to having accumulated
A)communicative capital.
B)economic capital.
C)symbolic capital.
D)linguistic competence.

Accepted Answer

Communicative competence involves the ability to use language effectively and appropriately in various contexts, which can be seen as a form of symbolic capital, a concept introduced by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, referring to the resources available to an individual on the basis of honor, prestige, or recognition.

Question 19

Bronislaw Malinowski was an anthropologist who wrote about the importance of attending to ______________ in the study of language.
A)denotation
B)context
C)form
D)morphology

Accepted Answer

Malinowski emphasized the significance of context in understanding language, arguing that the meaning of words and expressions can only be fully understood within their social and cultural context.

Question 20

The acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, proposed by Dell Hymes, was developed to assist in the
A)analysis of phonetic patterning.
B)analysis of infant vocalizations.
C)ethnography of speaking.
D)description of nonverbal communication.

Accepted Answer

The acronym S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, developed by Dell Hymes, is a tool for the ethnography of speaking, helping researchers analyze various components of linguistic interaction within cultural contexts.

Quiz 6: Language in Action

A group of people who share one or more varieties of language and the rules for using any or all of those varieties in everyday communication is called a

The R in MAR stands for

The A of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to

The E of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to

In the 1960s, American linguistic anthropologist Dell Hymes began to develop a fieldwork methodology for studying language in its social and cultural contexts. This methodology was called

The P of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to

A group of people who share a single language variety and focus their identity around that language is called a

If I understand and laugh along with Thai friends at a joke told in Thai, I will have achieved some degree of

The S of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to

A group of individuals who interact regularly, developing unique ways of doing things together (including, potentially, ways of speaking together) , is called a

The way to "get" symbolic capital is to

Ottenheimer learned that her Japanese students did not ask questions during the class period, but instead came up after class to ask questions, because

A speaker's underlying ability to produce and recognize grammatically correct expressions is called

The K of Dell Hymes' S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G mnemonic refers to the mood or spirit in which communication takes place. This is called the

The ability to speak a language well in a variety of social situations is called

The different varieties of a single language that are used for various purposes such as making a formal speech, telling a joke to friends, or discussing a scientific experiment, are called:

Refusing dessert on the first offer, and assuming that there will be a second or even a third offer, is an example of

Someone who demonstrates communicative competence can also lay claim to having accumulated

Bronislaw Malinowski was an anthropologist who wrote about the importance of attending to ______________ in the study of language.

The acronym, S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G, proposed by Dell Hymes, was developed to assist in the