Question 1

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention report "Juvenile Victims of Property Crime," stated that ________ juveniles had been the victim of a property crime.

Accepted Answer

The report states that "about one out of every six juveniles experienced property victimization." Therefore, the answer is C, "one of every six."

Question 2

The juvenile justice system was designed to be more concerned about rehabilitation than:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Data on __________ victimization rates broken down by age, gender, and race reveal that young African American males are particularly at risk.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for victimization rates broken down by age, gender, and race, and the answer is that young African American males are particularly at risk for violent victimization. This information specifically pertains to violence, not property or sexual victimization. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Options B and C are incorrect because they refer to types of victimization that are not mentioned in the question stem. Option D is incorrect because it is too broad - while it is true that victimization rates for all types of crime vary by age, gender, and race, this question is specifically looking for data on which group is most at risk for violent victimization.

Question 4

Data on homicide offenders reveal that offending peaks at around age:

Accepted Answer

Research on crime patterns, particularly homicide, indicates that offending rates peak in late adolescence, around age 18, before declining in the subsequent years.

Question 5

Juvenile arrests for violent crimes declined _____ percent between 1994 and 2003.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Juvenile Justice Network, juvenile arrests for violent crimes declined by 32% between 1994 and 2003.

Question 6

Among __________, juvenile property crime victimization rates do not vary significantly from adult victimization rates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among __________, juvenile property crime victimization rates...

Question 7

Juvenile arrests for violent crimes increased _____ percent between 1985 and 1994.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile arrests for violent crimes increased by 75 percent between 1985 and 1994, reflecting a significant rise in youth involvement in such activities during this period.

Question 8

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae , it is less __________ than the adult system.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile justice system, under the philosophy of parens patriae, operates with a more nurturing and rehabilitative approach compared to the adult system, making it less formal. This philosophy implies that the state acts as a guardian for those who are unable to care for themselves, including minors.

Question 9

The United States Supreme Court ruled in __________   that hearings determining whether juvenile cases will be heard in adult court must measure up to "the essentials of due process and fair treatment."

Accepted Answer

Kent v. United States (1966) established the requirement for "the essentials of due process and fair treatment" in hearings determining whether juvenile cases will be transferred to adult court.

Question 10

Information concerning the racial and ethnic trends in victimization for juveniles is:

Accepted Answer

Data on racial and ethnic trends in juvenile victimization is limited, making it scarce.

Question 11

Data on homicide offenders reveal that roughly _____ percent of all homicides are committed by offenders known to the victim.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 50% of all homicides are committed by offenders known to the victim. This includes family members, acquaintances, and other relationships. The other 50% of homicides are committed by strangers.

Question 12

The small racial differences in outcomes at the initial stages of the process that accumulate and become more pronounced as minority youths are processed further into the juvenile justice system are known as:

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as "compound risk," where small initial disparities in treatment or outcomes based on race can accumulate over time, leading to significantly larger disparities as individuals progress through a system, such as the juvenile justice system.

Question 13

The number of juveniles arrested increased _____ percent between 1985 and 1994.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of juveniles arrested increased _____...

Question 14

The calculated likelihood that a youth at one stage in the juvenile justice process would reach the next stage is called:

Accepted Answer

The calculated likelihood that a youth at one stage in the juvenile justice process would reach the next stage is called transitional probability. It represents the probability of transition from one stage to another.

Question 15

The proportion of the total population younger than age 18 that reached each stage in the juvenile justice process is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proportion of the total population younger...

Question 16

The NCVS defines juvenile as youth aged:

Accepted Answer

The NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) defines juvenile as a person who is between the ages of 12 and 17. This is the age range used in collecting data on juvenile victimization and delinquency.

Question 17

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae , it allows for more __________ than the adult system.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of parens patriae in the juvenile justice system emphasizes the importance of rehabilitation and giving juveniles a second chance. Therefore, the system allows for more discretion for judges and probation officers in deciding the appropriate sentence or rehabilitation plan for each juvenile offender. This discretion can include options such as counseling, community service, or probation instead of incarceration. Therefore, option D (discretion) is the best choice.

Question 18

The number of juveniles arrested declined _____ percent between 1994 and 2003.

Accepted Answer

The number of juveniles arrested declined by 18 percent between 1994 and 2003.

Question 19

In the late 1980s, __________ became the first state to create a computerized database of suspected gang members.

Accepted Answer

California became the first state to create a computerized database of suspected gang members in the late 1980s as a part of their efforts to combat gang-related crime.

Question 20

In general, __________ crime victimization rates are higher for younger age groups than for older age groups.

Accepted Answer

Younger age groups generally experience higher rates of victimization across all categories of crime, including violent, property, and sexual crimes, compared to older age groups. This is due to a variety of factors, including lifestyle differences, social activities, and exposure to risky situations.

Quiz 10: Minority Youth and Crime Minority Youth in Court