Question 1

If you are counting carbohydrates in your diet plan, it is important to know that half a cup of fresh fruit or 4 ounces of orange or apple juice is equal to _____ g of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

Half a cup of fresh fruit or 4 ounces of orange or apple juice is typically equivalent to 15 grams of carbohydrate. This is a standard measure used in carbohydrate counting for diabetes management and diet planning.

Question 2

Mr. Jones
Sex: male $\quad$ Hours of work: $55 + /$ wk
Age: 61 Occupation: computer programmer
Household members: wife, 65 years old
Family history: coronary artery disease in father; had a myocardial infarction at age 59
Smoker: yes; 40 years; 1 pack/day
Height: 70" $\quad$ Weight: $190 \mathrm { lb }$
Waist circumference: $43 \mathrm { in. }$
Cholesterol: $220 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; HDL-C: $30 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; LDL-C: $160 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; VLDL: $45 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL } ;$ TG: $150 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$
Blood pressure: $140 / 85$ The diet history of Mr. Jones shows that he consumes dairy products such as milk, cheese, and ice cream regularly; a variety of protein-rich foods including fish, shellfish, beef, poultry, and eggs; and large quantities of rice and potatoes. He and his wife also frequently eat breads, crackers, and potato chips. Mr. Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant, broccoli, mushrooms, onions, and tomatoes; however, many of these are deep-fried or cooked in butter.  
What is Mr. Jones's BMI?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Jones's BMI is calculated using the formula: weight (kg) / height (m)^2. His weight is 190 lbs (approximately 86.18 kg) and his height is 70 inches (approximately 1.78 meters). Thus, BMI = 86.18 / (1.78^2) ≈ 27.2.

Question 3

Mr. Jones
Sex: male $\quad$ Hours of work: $55 + /$ wk
Age: 61 Occupation: computer programmer
Household members: wife, 65 years old
Family history: coronary artery disease in father; had a myocardial infarction at age 59
Smoker: yes; 40 years; 1 pack/day
Height: 70" $\quad$ Weight: $190 \mathrm { lb }$
Waist circumference: $43 \mathrm { in. }$
Cholesterol: $220 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; HDL-C: $30 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; LDL-C: $160 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; VLDL: $45 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL } ;$ TG: $150 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$
Blood pressure: $140 / 85$ The diet history of Mr. Jones shows that he consumes dairy products such as milk, cheese, and ice cream regularly; a variety of protein-rich foods including fish, shellfish, beef, poultry, and eggs; and large quantities of rice and potatoes. He and his wife also frequently eat breads, crackers, and potato chips. Mr. Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant, broccoli, mushrooms, onions, and tomatoes; however, many of these are deep-fried or cooked in butter.  
What dietary recommendations can you give to Mr. Jones to help decrease his risk factors?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Jones should decrease consumption of high-fat dairy products as they contribute to his high cholesterol levels and increase his risk of cardiovascular disease. Consuming a variety of vegetables is good, but frying or cooking them in butter should be avoided. Mr. Jones should also limit his intake of bread, crackers, and potato chips, which are high in sodium and can raise blood pressure. He should increase his consumption of whole grains, lean cuts of meat and poultry, and foods that are high in dietary fiber. Quitting smoking and increasing physical activity can also help decrease his risk factors.

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: Ischem ia
Dyslipidemia
Atherosclerosis
Acanthosis nigricans
Type 2 diabetes
Steatohepatitis
Pharmacotherapy
Type 1 diabetes
Metabolic syndrome
Lipodystrophy
Comorbidity
TLC

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Fatty liver disease and Treatment of disease is...

Question 5

The American Diabetes Association recommends that adults should be screened for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes if they are _____ years old, or earlier if they are overweight.

Accepted Answer

The American Diabetes Association recommends that adults should be screened for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes if they are 45 years old, or earlier if they are overweight. Screening for those who are at least 45 years old should be repeated every three years if results are normal.

Question 6

Mr. Jones
Sex: male $\quad$ Hours of work: $55 + /$ wk
Age: 61 Occupation: computer programmer
Household members: wife, 65 years old
Family history: coronary artery disease in father; had a myocardial infarction at age 59
Smoker: yes; 40 years; 1 pack/day
Height: 70" $\quad$ Weight: $190 \mathrm { lb }$
Waist circumference: $43 \mathrm { in. }$
Cholesterol: $220 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; HDL-C: $30 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; LDL-C: $160 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; VLDL: $45 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL } ;$ TG: $150 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$
Blood pressure: $140 / 85$ The diet history of Mr. Jones shows that he consumes dairy products such as milk, cheese, and ice cream regularly; a variety of protein-rich foods including fish, shellfish, beef, poultry, and eggs; and large quantities of rice and potatoes. He and his wife also frequently eat breads, crackers, and potato chips. Mr. Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant, broccoli, mushrooms, onions, and tomatoes; however, many of these are deep-fried or cooked in butter.  
Based on the information above, he is at risk of developing several cardiometabolic conditions, including _____.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Jones is at risk of developing hypertension due to his elevated blood pressure, high LDL-C levels, and his age. His family history of coronary artery disease and his current smoking habits further increase his risk.

Question 7

Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include _____.

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include abdominal obesity, along with other factors such as elevated blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose levels, high triglyceride levels, and low HDL levels. Low fasting blood glucose levels and high HDL levels are not features of metabolic syndrome, and low blood pressure is not always present in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

Question 8

A simple, low-cost method that can be used to screen for metabolic syndrome in community or clinic settings is _____.

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is a simple and low-cost screening method for metabolic syndrome that can be easily measured in both community and clinic settings. A waist circumference of greater than 40 inches in men or greater than 35 inches in women is indicative of metabolic syndrome.

Question 9

Molly is 5-ft, 2-in. tall and weighs 170 pounds. What is her BMI?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the BMI, we use the formula: BMI = (Weight in pounds / (Height in inches)^2) * 703.

First, we need to convert Molly's height to inches: 
5 feet = 60 inches 
2 inches

Total height = 62 inches

Now we can plug in the values: 
BMI = (170 / (62)^2) * 703 
BMI = (170 / 3844) * 703 
BMI = 0.0442 * 703

BMI = 31 (rounded to the nearest whole number)

Therefore, the best choice is B (31).

Question 10

Nutrition goals in the early phase of an HIV infection _____.

Accepted Answer

The early phase of an HIV infection is characterized by weight loss and malnutrition. Therefore, nutrition goals during this phase should focus on providing adequate energy and nutrients to prevent further weight loss and muscle wasting. Calcium-rich and vitamin D-fortified foods can help maintain bone health, which can be compromised in people with HIV. Mineral and vitamin supplements may also be necessary if there are deficiencies or if the individual is unable to meet their needs through food alone. Non-weight-bearing exercise may be recommended later in the disease course to help maintain muscle mass, but it is not a priority in the early phase of infection. The recommended calorie intake varies depending on the individual's needs and activity level, so a specific limit cannot be given.

Question 11

A recent addition to screening procedures for asymptomatic patients is a CT scan that measures calcium deposits in _____ and produces a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score.

Accepted Answer

The coronary artery calcium (CAC) score measures calcium deposits in the coronary arteries, which are the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Screening for this score can help predict a patient's risk for developing heart disease.

Question 12

Fifteen grams of carbohydrate could be obtained from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

3 cups of popped popcorn typically contain around 15 grams of carbohydrates.

Question 13

The two main factors believed to cause metabolic syndrome are _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

The two main factors believed to cause metabolic syndrome are central adiposity (excessive fat around the midsection) and insulin resistance.

Question 14

Mr. Jones
Sex: male $\quad$ Hours of work: $55 + /$ wk
Age: 61 Occupation: computer programmer
Household members: wife, 65 years old
Family history: coronary artery disease in father; had a myocardial infarction at age 59
Smoker: yes; 40 years; 1 pack/day
Height: 70" $\quad$ Weight: $190 \mathrm { lb }$
Waist circumference: $43 \mathrm { in. }$
Cholesterol: $220 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; HDL-C: $30 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; LDL-C: $160 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$; VLDL: $45 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL } ;$ TG: $150 \mathrm { mg } / \mathrm { dL }$
Blood pressure: $140 / 85$ The diet history of Mr. Jones shows that he consumes dairy products such as milk, cheese, and ice cream regularly; a variety of protein-rich foods including fish, shellfish, beef, poultry, and eggs; and large quantities of rice and potatoes. He and his wife also frequently eat breads, crackers, and potato chips. Mr. Jones consumes a large variety of vegetables including eggplant, broccoli, mushrooms, onions, and tomatoes; however, many of these are deep-fried or cooked in butter.  
Mr. Jones is _____.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Jones has a BMI of approximately 27.3, which classifies him as overweight.

Question 15

What term applies to liquid meals, meal bars, or packaged meals?

Accepted Answer

Liquid meals, meal bars, and packaged meals are all examples of meal replacements, which are designed to provide adequate nutrition and serve as substitutes for regular meals. The other choices, such as etiologic meals (meals that cause disease), functional food (foods with specific health benefits), low-calorie meals, or snack food do not accurately describe these types of products.

Question 16

Patient-centered care for diabetes would likely include a _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patient-centered care for diabetes would likely include...

Question 17

Molly's BMI is 31. She is categorized as a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 31 falls within the obese category.

Question 18

The component of weight management programs based on cognitive behavioral therapy that helps a client in examining his/her thought processes and recognizing dysfunctional thinking is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring is a key component of weight management programs that utilize cognitive behavioral therapy. This approach helps clients to recognize and challenge negative and dysfunctional thought patterns related to food and weight, ultimately leading to long-term behavior change. Options A, B, C, and E are also important components of weight management programs, but do not specifically address cognitive restructuring.

Question 19

Small dense LDL particles contain more _____ that makes it more available for binding to the lining of arteries and entry into the endothelium.

Accepted Answer

Apolipoprotein B is the protein component of LDL particles that binds to the receptor on endothelial cells lining the arteries. Small dense LDL particles contain more apolipoprotein B compared to larger LDL particles, making them more readily available for binding to the endothelium and entering the artery wall, leading to atherosclerosis.

Question 20

List the factors that are important for working with a diabetic patient when determining his or her needs, tailoring a diabetes management plan, planning patient education and counseling, and monitoring progress over time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the factors that are important for...

Quiz 17: Adult Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions