Question 1

To obtain the most accurate measure of resting metabolic rate in healthy adults, before beginning an indirect calorimetry procedure, the subject should abstain from moderate aerobic or anaerobic exercise for at least 2 hours

Accepted Answer

Abstaining from moderate aerobic or anaerobic exercise for at least 2 hours prior to the indirect calorimetry procedure will help ensure the most accurate measure of resting metabolic rate.

Question 2

Those who work with athletes, particularly endurance athletes, should use the Cunningham equation to predict RMR because it may better account for the higher amount of lean body mass in trained athletes.

Accepted Answer

The Cunningham equation takes into consideration lean body mass, which is typically higher in trained athletes. Therefore, it may be a better method for predicting RMR in this population.

Question 3

The caloric content of an individual food, a combination of foods in a meal, or the total amount of food consumed in a day can only be estimated.

Accepted Answer

While caloric content can be estimated based on nutritional information and portion sizes, there may be variations in the actual amount of calories consumed due to factors such as cooking methods, individual metabolism, and the accuracy of measuring tools.

Question 4

It is estimated that sedentary people use about 30 kilocalories of energy per kilogram body weight daily.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Sedentary people typically use about 30 kilocalories of energy per kilogram body weight daily. However, this can vary based on age, gender, and other factors.

Question 5

Very low calorie "starvation" diets result in a reduced resting metabolic rate and can actually impede weight loss.

Accepted Answer

When the body is in a state of extreme calorie restriction, it will slow down its metabolism in order to conserve energy. This can make it harder to lose weight and can even cause weight gain once the diet is stopped. It's important to maintain a healthy balance of calories and nutrients for sustainable weight loss.

Question 6

Basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate are typically the same.

Accepted Answer

While basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) are similar, BMR is measured under stricter conditions (such as after a full night's sleep, in a neutral environment, and after fasting), while RMR is measured under less strict conditions (such as after a shorter fast or after eating). This can result in slightly different metabolic rates.

Question 7

As the body utilizes the potential energy contained in food, a large portion of that energy is converted to heat energy.

Accepted Answer

This process is known as thermogenesis, and it is how the body regulates its temperature and produces energy.

Question 8

When thyroid hormones are elevated above normal concentrations, RMR is abnormally low.

Accepted Answer

When thyroid hormones are elevated above normal concentrations, RMR is abnormally high, not low.

Question 9

In studies of normal-weight men who were starved and then refed, the effects of starvation on RMR persisted even after the starvation was no longer present.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that the effects of starvation on RMR can persist even after the starvation period has ended. This is thought to be a protective mechanism evolved to help the body conserve energy during periods of famine or food scarcity.

Question 10

A simple and commonly used estimate of resting energy expenditure is 1 kcal per kilogram body weight per hour for both men and women.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A simple and commonly used estimate of...

Question 11

Standardized heart rates can be used accurately to predict energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

Standardized heart rates do not accurately predict energy expenditure for everyone due to individual differences in heart rate responses to exercise, fitness levels, and other factors affecting heart rate and energy expenditure.

Question 12

The energy content of carbohydrates and proteins is estimated to be 9 kcal\g.

Accepted Answer

The energy content of carbohydrates and proteins is estimated to be approximately 4 kcal/g, while fats have about 9 kcal/g.

Question 13

Resting metabolism comprises approximately 50 percent of a sedentary person's total daily energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

Resting metabolism, or basal metabolic rate (BMR), comprises approximately 60-75% of a sedentary person's total daily energy expenditure, depending on their age, sex, weight, and body composition.

Question 14

Studies have shown that people with more fat-free mass (measured in kg)have higher resting metabolic rates than those with less fat-free mass.

Accepted Answer

Fat-free mass includes muscle, bone, and organs, which are metabolically active tissues. Therefore, individuals with more fat-free mass have a higher resting metabolic rate, which means they burn more calories at rest.

Question 15

The greatest source of error when using a food diary is the accurate recording of both the types and amounts of foods and beverages consumed.

Accepted Answer

Accurately recording the types and amounts of foods and beverages consumed is crucial in obtaining reliable data from a food diary. Failing to do so can result in incomplete or incorrect information that can lead to inaccurate conclusions and recommendations.

Question 16

The terms calorie and Calorie can be used interchangeably in scientific writing.

Accepted Answer

The term calorie (with a lowercase "c") is a unit of energy measurement in scientific contexts, while Calorie (with a capital "C") refers specifically to a unit of energy commonly used to describe the energy content of food. The Calorie is equivalent to 1,000 calories, so it is often used to make food energy values more convenient to calculate and compare. Using these terms interchangeably can lead to confusion and inaccuracies in scientific writing.

Question 17

The TEF is typically calculated by multiplying daily caloric intake by 10 percent.

Accepted Answer

The Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) is typically calculated as 10 percent of daily caloric intake, representing the energy expended by the body to process food for use and storage.

Question 18

Studies that compare reported energy intake with actual energy expenditure suggest that individuals, including athletes, underestimate their energy intake by approximately 15 percent and some as high as 20 percent.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals, including athletes, tend to underestimate their energy intake by approximately 15 percent and in some cases even as high as 20 percent compared to their actual energy expenditure.

Question 19

Many charts that list the energy expended through activity or exercise include RMR.

Accepted Answer

RMR, or Resting Metabolic Rate, is often included in charts that list energy expenditure through activity or exercise to provide a baseline measurement of how many calories the body burns at rest, which is crucial for calculating total daily energy expenditure accurately.

Question 20

Total energy expenditure is broken down into two components-resting metabolism and physical activity.

Accepted Answer

Total energy expenditure is broken down into three components: resting metabolic rate (or resting energy expenditure), the thermic effect of food (energy used for digestion), and energy expended during physical activity.

Quiz 2: Defining and Measuring Energy