Question 1

Most scientific journals require that energy be expressed as an SI unit, which is the kilocalorie.

Accepted Answer

Most scientific journals require that energy be expressed as an SI unit, which is the joule, not kilocalorie.

Question 2

ATP is composed of adenosine with two phosphate groups attached.

Accepted Answer

ATP is composed of adenosine with three phosphate groups attached, not two.

Question 3

If ____ is estimated, it is typically calculated by multiplying daily caloric intake by 10 percent.

Accepted Answer

TEF (thermic effect of food) is the estimated amount of energy used to digest, absorb, and process food. It is typically calculated by multiplying daily caloric intake by 10 percent. RMR (resting metabolic rate), BMR (basal metabolic rate), and TEE (total energy expenditure) are all different measures of energy expenditure in the body, but they are not estimated using this method.

Question 4

The Compendium of Physical Activities expresses the energy expended in ____.

Accepted Answer

The Compendium of Physical Activities expresses energy expended in metabolic equivalents (METs). METs are a unit of measurement that represents the amount of oxygen consumed by the body during physical activity. This measurement is then used to estimate the energy expended by the body. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 5

EER is based on age, gender, weight, height, and ____.

Accepted Answer

EER (Estimated Energy Requirement) is calculated based on age, gender, weight, height, and physical activity level. Physical activity is an important factor in determining the energy requirement, as it can significantly increase or decrease the daily calorie needs of an individual.

Question 6

The response of ATP concentration in the muscle to exercise reveals a relatively large proportion of the ATP stored in the muscle is not able to be used for force production, even during very high-intensity exercise.

Accepted Answer

During exercise, the ATP concentration in muscle decreases, indicating that ATP is being used for energy. However, even during high-intensity exercise, there is a significant amount of ATP stored in the muscle that cannot be used for force production, suggesting that the body has limitations in how much ATP can be used for energy during exercise.

Question 7

Those who are ____ active need over 50 kcal\kg\d.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who are ____ active need over...

Question 8

ATP is known as the common energy currency because it is the source of energy that is common to all cells in the body.

Accepted Answer

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is known as the common energy currency because it is used as a source of energy in different metabolic processes in all cells of the body.

Question 9

Reactions and processes that release energy are referred to as endergonic reactions.

Accepted Answer

Reactions and processes that release energy are actually referred to as exergonic reactions. Endergonic reactions require energy to proceed.

Question 10

It has long been known that a starvation state can reduce resting metabolic rate by ____ percent or more.

Accepted Answer

A starvation state can reduce resting metabolic rate by 20 percent or more, as the body conserves energy in response to a lack of food intake.

Question 11

When compared to machines, humans are more efficient at converting energy.

Accepted Answer

Machines can convert energy with greater efficiency than humans in most cases.

Question 12

Physical activity may comprise only approximately ____ percent of the sedentary person's daily energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical activity may comprise only approximately ____...

Question 13

Which factor increases resting metabolic rate by an estimated 15-25 percent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor increases resting metabolic rate by...

Question 14

The metabolic rate of females is ____.

Accepted Answer

The metabolic rate of females is generally less than that of males by about 100 kcal/day. This difference is attributed to factors such as body composition, with males typically having a higher percentage of muscle mass, which burns more calories at rest compared to fat tissue.

Question 15

It is estimated that sedentary people use about ____ kilocalories of energy per kilogram body weight daily.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated that sedentary people use...

Question 16

The law of conservation of energy states, "Within a closed system, energy is neither created nor destroyed."

Accepted Answer

The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental principle in physics which states that the total energy in a closed system remains constant over time. It cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This law is a cornerstone of modern physics and is supported by numerous experimental observations.

Question 17

Bioenergetics is the process of converting food into biologically useful forms of energy

Accepted Answer

Bioenergetics is indeed the process of converting food into biologically useful forms of energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which can be used by cells for various metabolic processes.

Question 18

The three energy systems that replenish ATP are creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation are the three energy systems that replenish ATP.

Question 19

It is estimated that about ____ of adults who record food intake underreport it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is estimated that about ____ of...

Question 20

ATP is critical for muscle contraction, but it is not involved in skeletal muscle relaxation.

Accepted Answer

Although ATP is critical for muscle contraction, it is also necessary for muscle relaxation. Specifically, ATP is used to power the active transport of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which allows the myosin binding sites on the actin filaments to be covered and stops the contraction. Without ATP, calcium ions cannot be actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and muscle relaxation cannot occur.

Quiz 2: Defining and Measuring Energy