Question 1

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness. ​

Accepted Answer

Distorted body image is a defining characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and people with this disorder typically overestimate their body fatness even when they are dangerously underweight.

Question 2

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese. ​

Accepted Answer

While being overweight or obese is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, it is not the only factor. Genetic predisposition and lifestyle choices, such as a sedentary lifestyle and poor diet, also play a role. Therefore, it is possible for someone with type 2 diabetes to have a healthy weight.

Question 3

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference. ​

Accepted Answer

Smoking has been associated with increased abdominal fat accumulation, leading to a larger waist circumference even if overall body weight is lower.

Question 4

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions. ​

Accepted Answer

ATP is the primary source of energy for cellular activities, including muscle contraction and enzyme catalysis. It carries energy in the form of phosphate bonds that can be broken to release energy for various cellular processes.

Question 5

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is:

Accepted Answer

Glycerol is the portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis. Fatty acids cannot be directly converted into glucose, but can be converted into molecules that can be used for energy production, such as acetyl-CoA. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that provides energy to cells, but cannot be converted into glucose. Short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids are less likely to be stored in adipose tissue, but do not play a direct role in glucose production.

Question 6

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism. ​

Accepted Answer

Anabolism refers to the metabolic process of building complex molecules from simpler ones in order to grow or maintain the body, therefore the statement is true.

Question 7

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient. ​

Accepted Answer

When the body consumes more calories than it needs for energy, the excess calories are stored as fat. This excess can come from any macronutrient - carbohydrates, protein, or fat. Therefore, fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

Question 8

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normally, the nervous system consumes less than...

Question 9

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s)in his body is/are diseased? ​

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. If they are diseased or damaged, as in Perry's case, they may not be able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from the blood, leading to the need for dialysis treatments.

Question 10

A healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal. ​

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes glucagon into the blood between meals to increase blood glucose levels, and insulin right after a meal to decrease blood glucose levels.

Question 11

Which process is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

The liver does not secrete insulin and glucagon, as those hormones are primarily produced by the pancreas.

Question 12

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells? ​

Accepted Answer

The digestive system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells as it is constantly producing new cells to replace old and damaged ones.

Question 13

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when:

Accepted Answer

Excessive glucose in the blood triggers the release of insulin, which encourages the liver and muscles to store glucose as glycogen for later use.

Question 14

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all? ​

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains. The glycerol molecule can undergo gluconeogenesis, which means it can be converted to glucose. However, the fatty acid chains cannot be converted to glucose and instead undergo beta-oxidation to produce ATP. Therefore, 95% of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose.

Question 15

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as:

Accepted Answer

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are initially stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Question 16

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called:

Accepted Answer

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is referred to as glycolysis. Metabolism is a broad term that encompasses all of the biochemical reactions that occur within an organism, whereas lipolysis refers to the breakdown of fats and gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Ketosis is a metabolic state in which ketone bodies, rather than glucose, are the primary source of energy for the body.

Question 17

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving. ​

Accepted Answer

Fasting and starvation are both states of energy deficit and trigger similar metabolic responses in the body, including the mobilization of stored energy sources (such as glycogen and fat) to provide energy for essential bodily functions. While the severity and duration of these states can vary, the metabolic processes involved are essentially the same.

Question 18

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs. ​

Accepted Answer

Ketones, produced by the liver during periods of low carbohydrate intake, can cross the blood-brain barrier and be used as an alternative energy source by the brain cells. This is why ketogenic diets have been shown to improve cognitive function and reduce seizures in some individuals.

Question 19

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called:

Accepted Answer

The production of glucose from sources other than carbohydrates, such as protein or fat, is called gluconeogenesis. Glyconeogenesis is not a term commonly used in biochemistry, and the other answer choices are processes involving the breakdown or metabolism of carbohydrates, not the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Question 20

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate. ​

Accepted Answer

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) can be influenced by several factors including age, weight, height, gender, diet, and exercise habits. While it's true that genetics play a significant role in determining one's BMR, lifestyle changes such as increasing muscle mass through exercise or altering dietary intake can impact BMR to some extent.

Quiz 6: Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese.

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is:

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism.

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day.

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?

A healthy pancreas secretes _ into the blood between meals and _ right after a meal.

Which process is NOT a function of the liver?

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells?

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when:

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all?

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as:

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called:

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called:

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.

Quiz 6: Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness. ​

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese. ​

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference. ​

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions. ​

The portion of a triglyceride molecule that can be converted into glucose is:

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism. ​

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient. ​

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day. ​

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased? ​

A healthy pancreas secretes _____ into the blood between meals and _____ right after a meal. ​

Which process is NOT a function of the liver?

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells? ​

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles when:

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all? ​

Surplus dietary carbohydrates are first stored as:

The metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is called:

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving. ​

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs. ​

The production of glucose from protein or fat is called:

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate. ​

Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is a distorted body image that overestimates body fatness.

Most adults with type 2 diabetes are at a healthy weight, not overweight or obese.

A smoker may weigh less than a non-smoker, but will likely have a greater waist circumference.

The high-energy compound ATP (adenosine triphosphate)is able to transfer small amounts of usable energy to move our muscles and supply our enzymes with the energy they need to catalyze chemical reactions.

The building up of body compounds is known as anabolism.

Fat can be made from an excess of any energy-yielding nutrient.

Normally, the nervous system consumes less than 50% of the total glucose used each day.

Perry's body is not able to efficiently remove metabolic waste products from his blood, so he must receive dialysis treatments. Which organ(s) in his body is/are diseased?

A healthy pancreas secretes _ into the blood between meals and _ right after a meal.

Which organ system possesses the greatest quantity of rapidly multiplying cells?

What percentage of a triglyceride molecule cannot be converted to glucose at all?

In the body, no metabolic difference exists between fasting and starving.

Ketones can meet some of the nervous system's energy needs.

People can change their voluntary actions to spend more or less energy in a day, but they cannot change their basal metabolic rate.