Question 1

What basic premise underlies Chinese parenting? ​

Accepted Answer

The basic premise underlying Chinese parenting is the importance of maintaining emotional restraint, which is encapsulated in the idea of keeping one's emotions in check. This approach emphasizes self-control and discipline over the expression of raw emotions, reflecting broader cultural values around respect, order, and the collective well-being.

Question 2

After his mother hears him swear, Conrad gets his mouth washed out with soap. If this led to reduction in swearing, his mom's strategy would be described as a form of ​

Accepted Answer

Conrad's mother's strategy of washing his mouth out with soap is a form of punishment, as it is aimed at decreasing the likelihood of swearing.

Question 3

Which statement about marital issues and child development is true? ​

Accepted Answer

Parents can act as gatekeepers, denying or limiting the participation of the other parent, which can negatively affect the child's development. Chronic parental conflict can also have negative impacts on child-parent relationships. Parental conflict can rarely have a positive impact on a child's development. Children's self-esteem is more likely to lower when a parent becomes unemployed.

Question 4

Whenever Roger says "please," his father gives Roger what he asks for. This in turn increases Roger's use of the word "please." Giving in to Roger's requests appears to be a form of ​

Accepted Answer

Giving in to Roger's requests when he says "please" is reinforcing his behavior, as it is increasing the likelihood that he will use the word "please" in the future to get what he wants.

Question 5

Simon spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term? ​

Accepted Answer

Spanking may stop aggressive behavior temporarily, but it is less likely to lead to long-term cessation of aggression as it does not teach appropriate behavior or internalize social rules.

Question 6

Which technique is always based on modeling? ​

Accepted Answer

Counterimitation involves learning what behaviors to avoid by observing the negative consequences of those behaviors in others, essentially modeling what not to do.

Question 7

Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments? ​

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that children's temperaments may influence parents' parenting styles, rather than the other way around. For example, a naturally anxious child may prompt a parent to become more overprotective or strict, while a more outgoing child may prompt the parent to be more lenient or laissez-faire. However, it is important to note that both parenting styles and temperament can also be influenced by various cultural, societal, and environmental factors.

Question 8

When Esther misbehaves, her mother makes her go sit by herself in a small, quiet, unstimulating area of the house. Esther's mother is probably using ​

Accepted Answer

Esther's mother is using a form of discipline called time-out, in which a child is removed from a stimulating environment and placed in a calm, unstimulating area for a set amount of time. This is meant to teach the child that misbehavior will lead to a loss of privileges and to give them a chance to calm down and reflect on their actions.

Question 9

If you're going to use time-out, make sure that ​

Accepted Answer

Explaining the reasons for the time-out helps the child understand why their behavior was inappropriate and what is expected of them in the future.

Question 10

Rather than simply ordering his son to take out the garbage, Ahmad says, "Son, take out the garbage now. It's really full and I'm getting ready to make dinner, so I'll need more space in the garbage bags." Ahmad's statement is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

Ahmad's statement is an example of direct instruction because he clearly states what he wants his son to do and provides reasons for it. He is giving specific directions in a clear and straightforward manner. Counterimitation refers to deliberately doing the opposite of what someone else is doing, disinhibition is when a behavior that is normally suppressed in a certain environment is displayed due to a change in that environment, and negative reinforcement trap is when someone reinforces a behavior that they are trying to eliminate by giving in to it. None of these concepts apply to Ahmad's statement.

Question 11

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status? ​

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parenting tends to be more common among American parents of lower socioeconomic status. This style is characterized by strict rules, high demands, and low responsiveness to the child's needs, which may be necessary in families facing economic hardship and safety concerns. However, this parenting style has been associated with negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, behavioral problems, and decreased academic performance in children.

Question 12

What statement about time-out is true? ​

Accepted Answer

Time-out is a technique that removes a child from a reinforcing environment after inappropriate behavior has occurred, bypassing the use of punishment that can have numerous negative effects. It allows a child to calm down, reflect on their behavior and provides an opportunity for teaching appropriate behavior.

Question 13

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. ​

Accepted Answer

Direct instruction occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. This type of instruction is often used to teach children new skills or reinforce existing behaviors. It is also known as explicit instruction, as the parent is providing clear and direct guidance to the child.

Question 14

The main problem with a negative reinforcement trap is that it ​

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement traps occur when a behavior is inadvertently reinforced by the removal of an aversive stimulus, leading to an increase in the unwanted behavior.

Question 15

Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her gets punished by her parents for that behavior. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. Which term best describes this scenario? ​

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of counterimitation, where Julie learns what not to do after observing the negative consequences her sister faced for swinging the cat by the tail. It is not negative reinforcement trap as there is no reward involved, not indulgent parenting as there is punishment involved, and not direct instruction as Julie is not explicitly taught to not swing the cat by the tail.

Question 16

Which pairing is most likely to fall victim to the "negative reinforcement trap"? ​

Accepted Answer

The mother and son pairing is most likely to fall victim to the negative reinforcement trap. Research shows that mothers are more likely to use negative reinforcement techniques with their sons, while fathers are more likely to use them with their daughters. This can lead to a cycle of negative behavior and reinforcement, which can be difficult to break.

Question 17

Which six-year-old is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother? ​

Accepted Answer

Annabella is most likely to be distressed because her parents may pay less attention to her now that they have a new baby to care for. The other three options do not suggest a significant change in attention or family dynamics that would necessarily cause distress in the six-year-old.

Question 18

Fugi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Fugi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. This kind of learning through observation would be best described as ​

Accepted Answer

This is an example of counterimitation, where Fugi learns what not to do based on observing the consequences that her sister faces.

Question 19

Parental conflict ​

Accepted Answer

Parental conflict can make a child feel that the family is unstable, leading to negative effects on their emotional and psychological development. Research has shown that children who are exposed to frequent and intense parental conflict have higher rates of behavioral and emotional problems.

Question 20

Ian's mother tells him to stop watching TV and do his homework. Ian then begins to whine about wanting to watch more TV to the point that his mother gives in and lets him watch more TV as long as he stops whining. Consequently, Ian's whining behavior increases in frequency. This sequence is best described as ​

Accepted Answer

This sequence is an example of a negative reinforcement trap, where Ian's whining behavior is reinforced by the removal of the aversive consequence of not being able to watch TV. Ian learned that by whining, he could get what he wanted (more TV) and thus continued the behavior.

Quiz 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood

What basic premise underlies Chinese parenting? ​

After his mother hears him swear, Conrad gets his mouth washed out with soap. If this led to reduction in swearing, his mom's strategy would be described as a form of ​

Which statement about marital issues and child development is true? ​

Whenever Roger says "please," his father gives Roger what he asks for. This in turn increases Roger's use of the word "please." Giving in to Roger's requests appears to be a form of ​

Simon spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term? ​

Which technique is always based on modeling? ​

Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments? ​

When Esther misbehaves, her mother makes her go sit by herself in a small, quiet, unstimulating area of the house. Esther's mother is probably using ​

If you're going to use time-out, make sure that ​

Rather than simply ordering his son to take out the garbage, Ahmad says, "Son, take out the garbage now. It's really full and I'm getting ready to make dinner, so I'll need more space in the garbage bags." Ahmad's statement is an example of ​

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status? ​

What statement about time-out is true? ​

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. ​

The main problem with a negative reinforcement trap is that it ​

Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her gets punished by her parents for that behavior. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. Which term best describes this scenario? ​

Which pairing is most likely to fall victim to the "negative reinforcement trap"? ​

Which six-year-old is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother? ​

Fugi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Fugi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. This kind of learning through observation would be best described as ​

Parental conflict ​

What basic premise underlies Chinese parenting?

After his mother hears him swear, Conrad gets his mouth washed out with soap. If this led to reduction in swearing, his mom's strategy would be described as a form of

Which statement about marital issues and child development is true?

Whenever Roger says "please," his father gives Roger what he asks for. This in turn increases Roger's use of the word "please." Giving in to Roger's requests appears to be a form of

Simon spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term?

Which technique is always based on modeling?

Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments?

When Esther misbehaves, her mother makes her go sit by herself in a small, quiet, unstimulating area of the house. Esther's mother is probably using

If you're going to use time-out, make sure that

Rather than simply ordering his son to take out the garbage, Ahmad says, "Son, take out the garbage now. It's really full and I'm getting ready to make dinner, so I'll need more space in the garbage bags." Ahmad's statement is an example of

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status?

What statement about time-out is true?

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done.

The main problem with a negative reinforcement trap is that it

Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her gets punished by her parents for that behavior. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. Which term best describes this scenario?

Which pairing is most likely to fall victim to the "negative reinforcement trap"?

Which six-year-old is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother?

Fugi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Fugi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. This kind of learning through observation would be best described as

Parental conflict