Question 1

Describe what a theory is in your own words.

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Question 2

Select three theories and explain how each one accounts for stability and change over the life span.

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Question 3

Discuss the questions that must be answered in the evaluation of a theory.

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Question 4

Define assimilation and accommodation, and describe the roles they play in cognitive development theories.

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Question 5

What is the focus of evolutionary theory? What is its relevance for the study of human development? Give two examples of behaviors that take on new meaning when considered from an evolutionary perspective.

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Question 6

What links are there between social role theory and the psychosocial approach?

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Question 7

What role does fitness play in the theory of evolution?

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Question 8

What significance does Freud assign to motivation and behavior in his theories?

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Question 9

Differentiate between ethology and evolutionary psychology?

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Question 10

Vygotsky theorized that language is a barrier between generations.

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Vygotsky actually theorized that language is a tool for communication, thought, and learning. He believed that it allows people to exchange ideas and knowledge, and that through social interaction and collaboration, individuals can construct meaning and understanding together.

Question 11

Define social role, role enactment, and role expectations. Give an example of each.

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Question 12

Psychosexual theory gives a greater role to the individual in shaping his or her own development than psychosocial theory.

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Psychosexual theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the influence of unconscious forces and childhood experiences on development, while Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory focuses on the role of social interactions and choices individuals make across their lifespan, thus giving a greater role to the individual in shaping his or her own development.

Question 13

According to cognitive theory, accommodation is the tendency to interpret new experiences in terms of an existing scheme.

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According to cognitive theory, accommodation is the process of adjusting existing schemes or creating new ones in order to better understand and interpret new experiences. This is the opposite of assimilation, which involves interpreting new experiences based on existing schemes.

Question 14

Inner speech helps the child problem-solve.

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Inner speech allows children to verbally guide themselves through problem-solving tasks, enhancing their cognitive abilities and increasing their chances of success.

Question 15

Explain what it means for one to have a social identity.

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Question 16

Learning about principles that govern objects does not help us learn about ourselves.

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Learning about principles that govern objects can help us understand the principles that govern our own behavior and actions. For example, the principle of inertia can be applied to our own motivation and how we change our behavior.

Question 17

According to psychosexual theory, what are the three basic structures of personality? Give the term for each and a definition.

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Question 18

Differentiate between social learning theory and cognitive behaviorism.

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Question 19

How do environmental and social contexts affect individual development?

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Question 20

Elaborate on Freud's domains of consciousness and explain what role they play in his theories.

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Quiz 2: Major Theories for Understanding Human Development