Question 1

The establishment of a gender preference depends on three factors. Which of the following is NOT one of these?

Accepted Answer

Understanding that gender is constant and stable is related to gender identity development, not the establishment of a gender preference. The other options are factors that can influence gender preference.

Question 2

How does the knowledge of gender role standards influence a child's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of gender role standards can influence a child's preferences for certain toys and games. Boys may be more encouraged to play with toys traditionally associated with masculinity, such as cars and trucks, while girls may be encouraged to play with toys traditionally associated with femininity, such as dolls and dress-up clothes. This can limit the range of activities and experiences that a child engages in, potentially perpetuating gender stereotypes and reinforcing societal expectations of how each gender should behave.

Question 3

Which of the following dimensions is an aspect of gender role identification?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Yolanda and Leon have a son and a daughter. Both parents believe that their son should be assertive and that their daughter should try to please others. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The belief that sons should be assertive and daughters should please others is a gender-role stereotype. It is a generalization about how people of a certain gender ought to behave, and it can limit individuals' abilities to express themselves and pursue their goals. Gender-role stereotypes are often reinforced by societal expectations, media representations, and other cultural factors.

Question 5

Moral development in the early-school-age years involves growth in three domains:

Accepted Answer

Moral development in early-school-age years involves the growth of emotions (understanding and managing feelings), knowledge (learning about right and wrong), and action (behaviors reflecting moral choices), which are essential components for developing a sense of morality.

Question 6

Cultural cues that one sex is valued more than the other contributes to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Cultural cues that one sex is valued more than the other can lead to the formation of a gender preference, as individuals may believe that one gender is more desirable and strive to conform to that gender identity. It may also impact the learning of gender-role standards, as individuals may observe differential treatment of each gender and adapt their behavior accordingly. However, it is less likely to have an impact on the use of gender labels or understanding of gender constancy.

Question 7

Which of the following is the earliest component of gender role identification to be achieved?

Accepted Answer

The correct use of gender labels is usually achieved by the age of 2 or 3, making it the earliest component of gender role identification to be achieved. Children at this age are able to correctly label themselves and others as male or female, but may still have limited understanding of the implications of gender roles.

Question 8

What are gender-role standards?

Accepted Answer

Gender-role standards refer to the cultural expectations regarding how individuals of different genders are expected to behave. These societal norms dictate what is considered appropriate behavior for boys and girls, men and women. These expectations can vary across different cultures and time periods.

Question 9

Jeremy tends to incorporate the values and beliefs of another's into his own outlook and personality. Which of the following BEST explains this?

Accepted Answer

Identification involves adopting the values, beliefs, and attitudes of another person or group as part of one's own identity.

Question 10

Walter's view of gender differences is that there should be an emphasis on the role of socially agreed-upon norms for particular types of interaction. Walter's view is most closely aligned with the________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Walter's emphasis on the role of socially agreed-upon norms for particular types of interaction aligns with the constructivist perspective, which posits that gender differences are socially constructed through cultural and societal norms and expectations. The psychoanalytic perspective focuses on unconscious childhood experiences, the individual differences perspective looks at variation within gender groups, and the cognitive developmental perspective emphasizes cognitive processes in understanding gender differences.

Question 11

Terms such as boy, girl, mommy, daddy, aunt, and uncle are examples of

Accepted Answer

These terms are examples of gender labels, as they categorize individuals based on their perceived or assigned gender roles within society.

Question 12

Children raised by gay or lesbian parents tend to have

Accepted Answer

Research shows that children raised by gay or lesbian parents have similar gender preferences and gender identity as children raised by heterosexual parents. They are not more likely to become homosexual themselves simply because of their upbringing.

Question 13

The cognitive underpinning of one's gender role identification is referred to as a gender

Accepted Answer

The cognitive underpinning of one's gender role identification is referred to as a gender scheme. This refers to the mental framework or organized set of beliefs and expectations that individuals have about gender roles, behaviors, and characteristics. Gender schemes are constructed through socialization processes and influence how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to gender-related information and situations.

Question 14

In a staff meeting at Acme Corporation, the men speak first and the women listen, waiting until they have something new or different to offer. How might the individual differences perspective on gender roles interpret this behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a staff meeting at Acme Corporation,...

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to the integrated cognitive, social, and emotional schemes associated with being male or female?

Accepted Answer

Gender refers to the integrated cognitive, social, and emotional schemes associated with being male or female.

Question 16

You hear a 5-year-old girl say, "I love my mommy. When I grow up I want to be just like her." This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The girl's statement suggests that she is identifying with her same-sex parent (her mother) and aspiring to be like her. This is a common developmental milestone in young children. Options A and C may be relevant in some contexts, but they are not explicitly demonstrated in this statement. Option D is not applicable as the statement does provide information about the child's developmental process.

Question 17

According to learning theories, internalization is a result of

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to learning theories, internalization is a...

Question 18

Jeannie likes to play football with her brothers. When they tease her about not acting like a girl, she responds, "Even when I play football like a boy, I'm still a girl." Jeannie is demonstrating an understanding of

Accepted Answer

Jeannie's response shows she understands that her gender identity (being a girl) is stable across different situations (playing football). This is known as gender constancy. Jeannie is not addressing her sexual orientation or genital identification, nor is she necessarily challenging sexual stereotypes (although her playing football may challenge some stereotypes).

Question 19

For the early school age child, moral development involves a process of learning the family's moral code and then using it to guide behavior. This is called

Accepted Answer

The early school age child's moral development involves the process of internalization, which refers to the child taking on the family's moral code as their own and using it to guide their behavior. Internalization occurs as the child learns through observation, positive reinforcement, and guidance from parents and other caregivers. Avoidance conditioning and gender-role preference are not appropriate terms for describing moral development in early school age children. Induction refers to a specific parenting technique used to teach morals, but it does not describe the overall process of moral development in children.

Question 20

What is an example of the idea that the family environment is gendered?

Accepted Answer

The idea that the family environment is gendered is exemplified by the assertion that fathers tend to be more assertive than mothers in their interactions with children. This reflects traditional gender roles in which fathers are expected to be the dominant figure in the family and take charge of disciplining and guiding the children. This can also contribute to the gendered socialization of children, as they learn from an early age about the gendered expectations and roles within the family structure.

Quiz 7: Early School Age 4 to 6 Years