Question 1

How might genetic counseling influence the gene pool?

Accepted Answer

Genetic counseling can influence the gene pool by helping individuals and couples make informed decisions about having children. If individuals or couples decide not to have children due to the risk of passing on a genetic disease, the incidence of that disease in the population will decrease over time.

Question 2

A child's measured intelligence is a product of the child's genotype for intelligence and the quality of the environment in which the child is raised and educated. This is an example of the concept of

Accepted Answer

The concept of reaction range suggests that a child's genotype sets limits for their potential intelligence, but the environment plays a crucial role in determining where within that range the child's intelligence falls. This means that a child's measured intelligence is a combination of their genetics and the quality of the environment they are raised in, which is accurately reflected in the answer choice C. Option A, genetic anomaly, refers to a mutation or abnormality in the genetic code, which is not applicable in this context. Option B, gene therapy, refers to the process of altering genes to treat or cure genetic disorders, which is also not relevant to the concept being described. Option D, delayed reaction, refers to a delay in response to a particular stimulus or situation, which is not related to the development of intelligence.

Question 3

In the comparison study of parents of naturally conceived or adopted children with parents of children conceived through assisted reproduction, the parents who used assisted reproduction

Accepted Answer

The study found that parents who used assisted reproduction showed more warmth to their children than parents of naturally conceived or adopted children. They also reported higher levels of child-centeredness and were more likely to use positive reinforcement in discipline. However, they did report higher levels of stress and worry about parenting.

Question 4

Wilson is a sixth-grader who was born with a genetic abnormality. If he has one hundred classmates, how many of them, on average, were also born with genetic abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

According to statistics, roughly 3-4% of the population is born with some kind of genetic abnormality. Therefore, out of Wilson's 100 classmates, it can be estimated that 3 or 4 of them, on average, may also have a genetic abnormality.

Question 5

Sarah is in her first trimester. Which phrase best describes her current stage?

Accepted Answer

The first trimester is the period from conception through week 13, which is the embryonic period. During this time, the fertilized egg implants in the uterus and develops into an embryo. Quickening refers to the first movement felt by the mother and typically occurs in the second trimester. Cognitive maturation is a term related to brain development and not specific to pregnancy. Effacement refers to thinning of the cervix during labor and delivery and is not applicable to the first trimester.

Question 6

Yolanda's egg is now just ready to receive David's sperm. How long do they have to have intercourse before her egg begins to disintegrate?

Accepted Answer

Yolanda's egg can survive for approximately 24 hours after it is released from the ovary. If it is not fertilized within this time, it will begin to disintegrate and be absorbed by the body. Therefore, Yolanda and David have about 24 hours to have intercourse in order for fertilization to occur.

Question 7

If David and Yolanda want to increase their chances of conceiving a child, they should have intercourse no more than how long before Yolanda's ovulation period?

Accepted Answer

The most fertile time for a woman to conceive is around the time of ovulation, which usually occurs 12-14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. Sperm can survive inside the female body for up to 5 days, so if David and Yolanda have intercourse up to 5 days before ovulation, there is a chance that sperm will still be viable and available to fertilize the egg when it is released. Having intercourse closer to ovulation may increase the chances of conception, but waiting until the exact day of ovulation may decrease the likelihood of success as the egg may already have been released or may no longer be viable.

Question 8

Pamela recently gave birth. She had a very typical pregnancy. How long was Pamela's pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

The typical length of a pregnancy is considered to be 40 weeks, but since pregnancy is measured from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period, and ovulation typically occurs 2 weeks after that, the average pregnancy is actually 38 weeks from ovulation. Choices A, B, and D are all incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the length of a typical human pregnancy.

Question 9

Which of the following uses of genetic technology is LEAST controversial in today's society?

Accepted Answer

Using gene therapy to treat known diseases is generally considered the least controversial use of genetic technology, as it aims to correct or alleviate medical conditions, offering potential benefits to patient health and quality of life.

Question 10

When a nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with the DNA from an adult cell, which of the following has just occurred?

Accepted Answer

This is nuclear transplantation, also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer, a technique used in cloning. The nucleus of the egg cell is replaced with the nucleus of an adult cell, and the resulting embryo contains the genetic material of the donor cell. DNA replacement could be interpreted as a broader term that could apply to many different types of genetic engineering, while nuclear replacement is not specific enough to describe the unique process of nuclear transplantation. Hormonal replacement therapy is a medical treatment unrelated to this kind of genetic manipulation.

Question 11

Which of the following family relationships shows the most similarity in measured intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that monozygotic (identical) twins have a higher correlation in measured intelligence than siblings or dizygotic (fraternal) twins, indicating that genetic factors play a larger role in intelligence than environmental factors such as shared upbringing. Adopted children and their siblings may have different biological parents, making it difficult to determine the relative influence of genetics and environment.

Question 12

How are gamete cells different from other cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Gamete cells (sperm and egg cells) are different from other cells in the body because they each contain only 23 chromosomes (half the number found in other cells) rather than 23 pairs of chromosomes. This is necessary for sexual reproduction because when the sperm and egg combine during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the normal number of 46 chromosomes, with 23 from each parent.

Question 13

This morning, George and Katrina are at a fertility clinic to have George's sperm artificially inseminated into Katrina. The doctor has told Katrina she will need to take it easy after the procedure until the time that the embryo is implanted into her uterus. For about how long will Katrina need to take it easy?

Accepted Answer

The process of embryo implantation typically occurs about 6 days after fertilization, which is the time frame Katrina would be advised to take it easy to facilitate the best possible conditions for implantation.

Question 14

What is the pregnancy rate for women using Assisted Reproductive Technology? In other words, what percent of cycles result in pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

The pregnancy rate for women using Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is approximately 30%. This rate can vary based on factors such as age, fertility diagnosis, and specific ART procedures used.

Question 15

Matthew has the genetic potential to have an above average IQ. However, he has been placed in a foster home where he is never read to, no one speaks to him, and he is left to play alone much of the day. When he starts first grade, his measured IQ is 85. This is an example of the concept of

Accepted Answer

The concept of norm of reaction refers to the idea that the expression of a genotype can be influenced by environmental factors. In this case, Matthew's genetic potential for a high IQ is not expressed due to the lack of stimulation and interaction in his environment, resulting in a lower measured IQ.

Question 16

Harold has the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in the United States. Which of the following is TRUE of Harold?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in the United States, affecting approximately 1 in every 700 babies born. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, acquired Tay Sachs disease, and Turner's syndrome are all different genetic conditions that can cause intellectual disability, but they are not the most common.

Question 17

Sometimes, early in the gestational process, a single fertilized egg divides and separates. Two individuals with exactly the same chromosomal composition begin to form. This results in ________ twins.

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins result from the division and separation of a single fertilized egg, leading to two individuals with identical chromosomal composition. This is in contrast to fraternal or dizygotic twins, which result from the fertilization of two separate eggs by two separate sperm cells. Sibling is not a term used to describe twins.

Question 18

Which scenario illustrates how genetic factors influence a child's environment?

Accepted Answer

Tina's sociability and outgoing nature, which can be influenced by genetic factors, directly shapes the environment of her baby, Joe, by exposing him to social interactions with her friends.

Question 19

What do Tay Sachs and Thalassemia have in common?

Accepted Answer

Tay Sachs and Thalassemia are both genetic diseases linked to ancestry. Tay Sachs is more common among Ashkenazi Jewish populations and Thalassemia is more common in individuals of Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian descent.

Question 20

Alexandra has the most commonly known cause of genetically linked anomaly. Which of the following is TRUE of Alexandra?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alexandra has the most commonly known cause of...

Quiz 4: The Period of Pregnancy and Prenatal Development