Question 1

Behavior that communicates a person's feelings without words is called

Accepted Answer

Nonverbal behavior communicates a person's feelings, attitudes, and emotions without the use of words. Nonverbal behavior includes facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, tone of voice, and body language.

Question 2

Scripts are often culture-specific. This means that

Accepted Answer

Scripts, or expected sequences of events, can vary widely across cultures. Different cultures may have different expectations for behaviors and actions in certain situations, and what may be considered normal in one culture may be completely different in another. Therefore, the same behavior may be perceived very differently in different cultures.

Question 3

Research regarding perception of complex systems, such as sporting events, indicates that compared to people who break the event up into gross units, those who break the event up into fine units tend to

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that breaking a complex system, such as a sporting event, into fine units leads to a better memory of details about the event. This is because breaking it down into finer units increases the amount of information that can be processed and remembered. However, there is no evidence to suggest that breaking the event down into finer units leads to losing sight of the big-picture outcome or relying more on the expectations of others. Enjoyment of the observation of the event may be subjective and dependent on various factors.

Question 4

Hassin and Trope's (2000) study of physiognomy found that participants assigned traits to others based on their

Accepted Answer

Hassin and Trope's study focused on facial features as the basis for assigning traits to others.

Question 5

The study of social perception involves consideration of how one individual (X) makes judgments about another individual (Y). The terminology typically used to describe the roles of X and Y are

Accepted Answer

The most commonly used terminology to describe the roles of X and Y in the study of social perception are perceiver (X) and target (Y). The perceiver is the one who forms impressions or makes judgments, while the target is the person or object being judged. The terms in the other choices (evaluator and actor, judge and stimulus, rater and subject) are also used in social perception research, but are less common or more specialized.

Question 6

Sam Gosling (2008) found that social perceivers often form impressions of people based on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Sam Gosling's research found that social perceivers often form impressions of people based on objects found in their offices, the pitch of their voices, and even their Facebook pages. However, height is not typically a factor in impressions formed by social perceivers.

Question 7

Research by Zebrowitz and her colleagues on facial appearance has shown that people who have baby-faced features tend to be perceived as

Accepted Answer

People with baby-faced features tend to be perceived as warm due to the association with the innocence and vulnerability that we typically attribute to babies.

Question 8

Todd, considered to have a baby-face, and Martin, viewed as having more mature features, are both being interviewed for the same position in a bank. Which of the following is the most probable outcome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Todd, considered to have a baby-face, and...

Question 9

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed that participants' ratings of strangers' faces were highly correlated with the ratings made by others who had unlimited time to view the faces. This suggests that people can quickly and accurately form impressions of others based solely on facial appearance.

Question 10

Different attributes are ascribed to people who have baby-faced features than to those who have mature facial features. Which of the following has not been offered as an explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The explanation that has not been offered is that people are positively reinforced by others to perceive baby-faced adults the way they do.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a way in which scripts influence social perception?

Accepted Answer

Scripts do not allow people to discount their expectations, but rather provide a structure for them to make predictions and interpret behavior. The other options (A, C, and D) all describe ways in which scripts do influence social perception.

Question 12

While traveling around the world, Teun shows various people pictures of men and women from his hometown who are smiling and frowning, and he asks these people to infer what emotions the individuals in the pictures are experiencing. According to the research on perceptions of primary emotions, Sven should find that

Accepted Answer

The research on perceptions of primary emotions suggests that perceptions of emotions are relatively consistent across most cultures, so Teun's pictures of people smiling and frowning should evoke similar emotions across different cultures. Therefore, Sven should find that perceptions of emotions are relatively consistent across cultures.

Question 13

Fritz is a social psychologist who specializes in studying the processes of social perception. Given this interest, Fritz is least likely to specialize in which of the following research questions?

Accepted Answer

While social perception certainly plays a role in consumer behavior and decision-making, Fritz's specialization in social perception is focused on the perception of individuals and groups in social contexts, rather than consumer behavior. Therefore, the research question concerning consumer behavior and marketing is the least likely to be Fritz's specialization.

Question 14

As social perceivers, people's impressions of others are

Accepted Answer

People's impressions of others are influenced by the physical appearance of a person. Research has shown that physical traits such as facial features, body shape, and clothing can all impact the initial impression that we form of others.

Question 15

Andrew tends to view the behavior of others in gross units, whereas Angela tends to break others' behavior down into fine units. Andrew is more likely than Angela to

Accepted Answer

Andrew's tendency to view behavior in gross units suggests that he is more likely to overlook or forget details of others' behavior. Therefore, he is more likely to remember fewer details about the behavior.

Question 16

The study of social perception addresses all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The study of social perception addresses how people explain the behavior of others, how people form impressions of others, and the way that expectations can distort reality. However, it does not specifically focus on the strategies people use to create a positive self-image.

Question 17

In research by Pryor and Merluzzi (1985), the script for a first date

Accepted Answer

The research by Pryor and Merluzzi (1985) found that participants with extensive dating experience were able to more easily recall and organize the script for a first date. This suggests that there may be a commonly accepted script for first dates that those with more dating experience are able to follow more easily. There was no evidence in this study to suggest that the script varied widely by gender, sexual orientation, or culture.

Question 18

Research by Gray and colleagues (2007) has indicated two dimensions on which people "perceive minds." These dimensions are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Gray and colleagues (2007) identified two dimensions that people use to perceive minds, which are agency (the extent to which a being is capable of acting intentionally and causing effects on the environment) and experience (the capacity for consciousness and subjective experience). These two dimensions are not based on moral judgments or cognitive abilities, but rather on how individuals perceive and understand other beings as having minds.

Question 19

All of the following are considered "primary" emotions except

Accepted Answer

The primary emotions are considered to be happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. Anxiety is not considered a primary emotion, but rather a secondary emotion that can arise from a combination of primary emotions.

Question 20

All of the following could be categorized as sources of "raw data" for social perception except

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following could be categorized...

Quiz 4: Perceiving Persons