Question 1

Research on brainstorming in groups demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on brainstorming in groups demonstrates that
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Question 2

Johnson and Downing (1979) found that participants wearing nurses' uniforms delivered lower levels of shock when they were anonymous than when they were identifiable. This finding suggests that deindividuation causes people to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Johnson and Downing (1979) found that participants...

Question 3

Group polarization is most likely to occur

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where group members become more extreme in their positions after discussion. This is more likely to occur on important issues where people have strong feelings and opinions. On unimportant issues, people are less invested and less likely to take extreme positions. Knowing or not knowing one another may have some influence on group polarization, but the importance of the issue is the primary predictor.

Question 4

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of gay marriage. If group polarization occurs

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when group discussion leads to more extreme or polarized opinions than the initial opinions of individual group members. In this case, the initial opinions were somewhat in favor of gay marriage, so if group polarization occurs, the students will become more strongly supportive of gay marriage after the discussion. This is supported by research on the topic of group polarization.

Question 5

The phenomenon of group polarization depends on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when individuals who hold similar attitudes come together and discuss the topic, leading to a strengthening of their preexisting attitudes. Therefore, the assumption that people tend to join groups with others who have similar attitudes is crucial for the phenomenon to occur. The other answer choices are not directly related to group polarization.

Question 6

Consider a study in which researchers created groups of relatively prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues concerning racial attitudes, both before and after discussion of these issues. Following the group discussions, you would expect that

Accepted Answer

This answer is based on the contact hypothesis theory, which suggests that increased contact and discussion between groups can lead to reduced prejudice, particularly for those who were previously more neutral or accepting. Therefore, you would expect the relatively unprejudiced group to become even more accepting, while the prejudiced group would likely shift towards less extreme viewpoints as a result of the discussion.

Question 7

In many anonymous online communities, accountability is ______ and attentional cues are _______.

Accepted Answer

In anonymous online communities, users may not be held accountable for their behavior or actions. This lack of accountability may lead to low levels of accountability. Furthermore, with the lack of personal information or physical cues in online interactions, attention cues can also be low.

Question 8

Sam, Diane, and Frasier are members of a team competing in a test of general knowledge. Any team member can answer the moderator's questions. The team's task can be described as

Accepted Answer

In a disjunctive task, the team's success depends on at least one member being able to answer the questions correctly. It doesn't matter which team member answers each question, as long as the correct answer is given by at least one person. This is the case for the team in the given scenario, as any team member can answer the questions.

Question 9

In conjunctive tasks, group performance is determined by the

Accepted Answer

In conjunctive tasks, group performance is determined by the performance of the weakest group member. This is because conjunctive tasks require all members to complete their subtasks in order for the group to succeed. Thus, the group can only perform as well as its weakest link.

Question 10

Before a meeting, each of several city council members was tentatively considering an air pollution ordinance. After a meeting, they expressed strong support of the ordinance. This outcome is an example of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when group discussions lead to more extreme positions than individuals originally held. In this case, each individual was tentatively considering the ordinance, but after the meeting, they expressed strong support, suggesting the group discussion led to more extreme positions in favor of the ordinance.

Question 11

Following group discussion, group decisions tend to _____ the positions of the individuals comprising the group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following group discussion, group decisions tend to...

Question 12

According to the ___________, whether deindividuation affects people for better or for worse depends on a group's characteristics and norms.

Accepted Answer

The Social Identity Model of Deindividuation Effects proposes that whether deindividuation has positive or negative effects depends on the norms and characteristics of the group. This model suggests that deindividuation can lead to an increased sense of group identity and cooperation, but this positive effect only occurs if the group norms promote prosocial behavior. If the norms promote antisocial behavior, then deindividuation can lead to increased aggression and hostility. The other options (A, C, and D) are not relevant to this topic.

Question 13

All of the following appear to reduce the effectiveness of group brainstorming except

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following appear to reduce...

Question 14

Groups tend to outperform individuals on

Accepted Answer

Groups tend to outperform individuals on additive tasks because these tasks benefit from the combined efforts of all group members, leading to a greater overall output.

Question 15

The tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion is called

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion. This occurs because individuals in the group reinforce each other's beliefs, leading to a strengthening of their opinions.

Question 16

Farooq and his co-workers are trying to develop a creative direct mail campaign that will increase sales of their new snowboard. Which of the following strategies is least likely to yield high-quality ideas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Farooq and his co-workers are trying to...

Question 17

Harriett goes trick-or-treating on Halloween. She arrives at her neighbor's door just as the phone is ringing. Her neighbor puts the candy on the table and says, "I need to get the phone, so help yourself to whatever kind of candy you want, but please take only one piece." Which of the following would most encourage Harriett to take only one piece of candy?

Accepted Answer

Placing the candy in front of a mirror would make Harriett more aware of her own behavior and potentially reduce the likelihood of her taking more than one piece of candy. Option A and B are irrelevant to the situation and option D is unrelated to the scenario.

Question 18

Which of the following concerning process loss is false ?

Accepted Answer

Process loss is not restricted to just disjunctive tasks. It can occur in both conjunctive and additive tasks as well.

Question 19

Tendencies that interfere with a group's ability to live up to its full potential are referred to as examples of

Accepted Answer

Tendencies that interfere with a group's ability to live up to its full potential are known as process loss. This occurs when a group fails to capitalize on the skills, knowledge, and abilities of its members, resulting in a decrease in overall group performance. Disjunctive tasks are decision-making tasks that rely on the expertise of a single group member, sample biases refer to the distortion of results due to an unrepresentative sample, and nonadditive effects occur when group members fail to work together effectively.

Question 20

Research on brainstorming suggests that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on brainstorming suggests that
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Quiz 8: Group Processes