Question 1

Simon's decision whether or not to help someone is based primarily on whether that person seems to deserve assistance. Simon is motivated by concerns about

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon's decision whether or not to help...

Question 2

Research on helping behavior has shown all of the following about personal influences on helping behavior except that

Accepted Answer

Research on helping behavior has actually shown that situational influences can often overcome personal influences. For example, people may not help in a dangerous situation if they perceive that doing so may put their own safety at risk. Therefore, personal influences are not always more powerful than situational influences when it comes to helping behavior.

Question 3

People seem to be more likely to help an individual who has all of the following characteristics except

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is not typically a characteristic that influences people's likelihood to help someone, whereas good looks, charisma, and friendliness are more directly related to social perceptions and interactions.

Question 4

Cross-cultural research suggests that college students in India apply the norm of social responsibility _____ than students in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research has shown that college students in India tend to apply the norm of social responsibility less selectively compared to students in the US. This means that Indian students are more likely to feel responsible for the well-being of their community and society as a whole, whereas American students may focus more narrowly on their immediate social circles or personal goals.

Question 5

Which of the following combinations of traits has been shown to be essential to helping?

Accepted Answer

Empathy allows one to understand the needs and emotions of others, and advanced moral reasoning allows for making ethical decisions about how to help them. Extroversion and conscientiousness may be helpful traits, but they are not essential for helping. Introversion alone may hinder the ability to connect with others and provide effective help. Independence, while useful in some situations, may not always be conducive to collaboration and cooperation in helping.

Question 6

Miller et al. (1990) compared the perception of social norms governing helping in India and the United States. This research demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The study found that both adults and children in India perceived helping as more of a social obligation than their counterparts in the United States. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 7

The norm of equity prescribes that when people are in a situation in which they feel _______, they should help those who are _______.

Accepted Answer

The norm of equity states that individuals who are overbenefited (feeling they have more than they deserve) should help those who are underbenefited (feeling they have less than they deserve) to balance things out and achieve a sense of fairness. Choice B is incorrect as it is the opposite of the norm of equity. Choices C and D are unrelated to the norm of equity.

Question 8

Yablo and Field (2007) found that Thai students appeared more altruistic and helpful than American students. Which of the following reasons did they cite as the most important one to explain this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yablo and Field (2007) found that Thai...

Question 9

Helene spends a few weeks helping the victims of a tornado because she believes that people should help others, especially those who deserve assistance. Helene's thoughts regarding her actions are consistent with the norm of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Helene spends a few weeks helping the...

Question 10

Male motorists in France were more likely to offer a ride to a female hitchhiker who

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that male motorists in France were more likely to offer a ride to a female hitchhiker with an enhanced bust size who was smiling, as physical attractiveness and positive demeanor can influence such decisions.

Question 11

A study by Burger and others (2009) about the norm of reciprocity demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Burger and others (2009) found that people will reciprocate even if their reciprocation will be unknown. This means that people have an innate desire to reciprocate and do not necessarily expect recognition or a relationship to develop from the reciprocity. The study showed that people were more likely to help an experimenter who had previously done them a favor, even when there was no possibility of the favor being repaid or recognized.

Question 12

Eisenberg and others (2002) found that the extent to which preschool children exhibited spontaneous helping behavior predicted how helpful they would be in later childhood and early adulthood. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that

Accepted Answer

The finding suggests that there are stable individual differences in helping, as the preschoolers' behavior predicted their helpfulness in later stages of life.

Question 13

Kevin asks Winnie to drive him to the airport. Though Winnie doesn't really want to, she agrees because Kevin loaned her money last week. Winnie agreed to help because of the norm of

Accepted Answer

The norm of reciprocity refers to the social expectation that individuals will give back to others who have given to them. In this scenario, Winnie agrees to help Kevin because he loaned her money last week, thus fulfilling the norm of reciprocity.

Question 14

Lydia needs people to help her by signing a petition. She can increase her chances of receiving help by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lydia needs people to help her by...

Question 15

Helpful models increase prosocial behavior for all of the following reasons except

Accepted Answer

Helpful models increase prosocial behavior because they provide an example for imitation, demonstrate the rewards of helping, and make social norms governing helping salient. However, they do not necessarily make perspective taking more likely to occur. Perspective taking is more likely to be influenced by empathy and other factors.

Question 16

Even though he feels that drug addicts often deserve their plight, Steven donates clothes to a rehabilitation center because he believes he has an obligation to help those who need assistance, whatever the reasons behind their condition. Steven's thoughts regarding his actions are most consistent with the norm of

Accepted Answer

Steven's actions reflect the norm of social responsibility, which involves individuals contributing to society and addressing societal issues, even if they are not directly responsible for causing them. Steven recognizes the need to help those in need, regardless of whether he believes they deserve their plight.

Question 17

Social norms fail to produce helping behavior when they are too

Accepted Answer

Social norms that are too general may not be specific enough to prompt or guide helping behavior. For example, a norm like "be kind to others" is too vague and may not provide clear guidance on how to help someone in a specific situation. Specific norms or guidelines are more effective in generating helping behavior.

Question 18

Research on people's willingness to help individuals with AIDS indicates that we tend to be more likely to offer assistance

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people are more likely to help individuals with AIDS if they believe the person is deserving of help, such as if they acquired the disease through no fault of their own (e.g., blood transfusion) rather than through high-risk behaviors (e.g., intravenous drug use). Factors like the person's level of illness or the helper's mood may not be as influential as their perception of the person's deservingness.

Question 19

Research on attractiveness and helping indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research shows that people are more likely to help attractive individuals than unattractive individuals, known as the "beautiful is good" stereotype. However, there is no evidence to suggest that attractive people are inherently more helpful than unattractive people.

Question 20

Which of the following observations best illustrates the conclusion that the norm of reciprocity can influence helping behavior?

Accepted Answer

The norm of reciprocity is the social norm that states people should repay, in kind, what another person has provided for them. If someone chooses not to help you when they have the opportunity, it goes against this norm and may make you less likely to offer them assistance in the future. This illustrates how the norm of reciprocity can influence helping behavior.

Quiz 10: Helping Others