Question 1

What person would be diagnosed with a disorder of sex development?

Accepted Answer

A disorder of sex development is a condition in which the reproductive organs and/or secondary sex characteristics do not develop as expected for male or female individuals. Jordan's description suggests that he may have a variation in sex development, often referred to as intersex. This condition can involve a range of variations, including ambiguous genitalia or the presence of both male and female reproductive organs.

Question 2

What is true of Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Turner syndrome, also known as monosomy X, is a genetic disorder that occurs in females when they only have one X chromosome instead of two. Therefore, it affects only females.

Question 3

If a gender-specific behavior is largely determined by culture, what is that behavior most accurately called?

Accepted Answer

Gender role refers to the set of behaviors, attitudes, and expectations that are associated with being male or female in a particular culture or society. It is largely determined by cultural and social norms rather than biological factors. Gender constant and gender trait are not commonly used terms in gender studies, and gender stereotype refers to oversimplified and inaccurate generalizations about gender that may or may not be culturally determined.

Question 4

What female sex organ develops from the same tissue as the glans of the penis?

Accepted Answer

The clitoris develops from the same embryonic tissue as the glans of the penis in males. The labia majora, labia minora, and vagina have different embryonic origins.

Question 5

Paul has feminized body contours, small testes, and some verbal deficits. When he goes in for an infertility evaluation, which of the following conditions is he most likely to be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Paul's symptoms suggest he may have Klinefelter syndrome, a genetic disorder where males have an extra X chromosome (XXY). This can lead to feminized body contours, small testes, and some cognitive deficits. This condition can cause infertility due to low testosterone and sperm production. The other options, Turner syndrome and Triple X syndrome, only affect females, and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia primarily affects the adrenal glands and hormone production.

Question 6

All of the following are true about sex development and brain differentiation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Sexual differentiation of the genitals occurs before the sexual differentiation of the brain, not the other way around. Hormonal influences on the brain occur both prenatally and postnatally, and there are differences in hormonal signaling patterns between male and female brains.

Question 7

All of the following are true about congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Most individuals with CAH are diagnosed in infancy or early childhood through newborn screening or due to the presence of ambiguous genitalia in females. Delayed diagnosis can lead to serious complications.

Question 8

The 40-week-period of fetal development inside the womb is called ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The 40-week period of fetal development inside the womb is called gestation.

Question 9

What is the best treatment for Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Administration of estrogen and progesterone during puberty can help promote breast development, the growth of pubic hair, and the onset of menstrual periods. It can also help prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, which are common risks for women with Turner syndrome. The administration of testosterone during puberty (choice A) is not recommended as it can cause masculinization of features, such as deepening of the voice and growth of facial hair. Administration of androgens at birth (choice C) is not recommended as it has not been shown to have significant benefits in treating Turner syndrome. There is no known cure for Turner syndrome at this time (choice D).

Question 10

What statement below does Margaret Mead's famous discussion about the Tchambuli tribe of New Guinea provide support for?

Accepted Answer

Margaret Mead's discussion about the Tchambuli tribe of New Guinea provides support for the statement that human culture can transcend biology. She found that gender roles and behavior norms in the Tchambuli tribe were opposite to those of Western societies, demonstrating that gender roles are not solely determined by biology but are largely shaped by cultural and societal norms.

Question 11

In the 1500s, King Henry VIII of England divorced Catherine of Aragon because she gave birth to a daughter not a son. Henry VIII's reasoning was:

Accepted Answer

Henry VIII's reasoning was inaccurate because sperm cells, not egg cells, carry the Y chromosome which determines the sex of the offspring.

Question 12

If you visually compared the sexual development of third-week female and male embryos, what would you notice?

Accepted Answer

At the third week of embryonic development, sexual differentiation has not yet begun, so neither testes in males nor ovaries in females have started to develop.

Question 13

On average, females mature faster than males. This would be most likely considered a ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On average, females mature faster than males....

Question 14

What does the term "gender-neutral housing" refer to on college campuses?

Accepted Answer

Gender-neutral housing refers to the option where male and female students can share rooms, promoting inclusivity and flexibility in living arrangements.

Question 15

If following the pattern of findings in the United States, which person would be LEAST likely to adhere to gender role stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that African American women are less likely to adhere to traditional gender role stereotypes compared to Caucasian women and men of all ethnicities. Therefore, Keonna is the least likely to adhere to gender role stereotyping.

Question 16

Sexual differentiation is caused by __________ and begins around 6 to 8 weeks gestation.

Accepted Answer

Sexual differentiation is caused by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome, which contains the SRY gene that triggers male development. Female development occurs in the absence of the Y chromosome. Therefore, the sex chromosomes are the cause of sexual differentiation, making choice B the correct answer.

Question 17

What term refers to male and female sex organs which develop from the same tissue?

Accepted Answer

Homologous refers to male and female sex organs which develop from the same tissue. For example, the ovaries in females and the testes in males both develop from the same tissue called the gonadal ridge during embryonic development.

Question 18

At what period do the first tissues which will become the human embryo's gonads develop?

Accepted Answer

The first tissues that will become the human embryo's gonads develop during the 4 to 6 weeks of gestation.

Question 19

What statement describes current best practice related to intersex children?

Accepted Answer

Current best practice related to intersex children involves withholding gender assignment and delaying surgical intervention until the child is of the age to decide. This approach respects the child's bodily autonomy and ensures that they have the opportunity to make informed and autonomous decisions about their own body. It is also important to provide support and resources to the child and their family to assist with their decision-making process. Hormonal treatment may be considered in some cases, but it is not typically begun prenatally as it can have potential side effects and risks. Surgical intervention to correct external abnormalities at birth may not be necessary or desired by the child later in life, and can also have negative physical and psychological outcomes.

Question 20

Megan was raised as a female. When she failed to menstruate at puberty, her doctor found that she was genetically male. What is Megan's most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Megan's most likely diagnosis is androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS), a condition in which a genetic male (XY) develops female physical characteristics because their body is unable to respond to androgens (male hormones). This results in the development of internal testes rather than ovaries, and the individual will not experience menstruation.

Quiz 4: Gender Development, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity