When an exact specification of a population parameter is made based on prior knowledge, assumptions, or intuition, this is a hypothesis.

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A hypothesis is a specific statement or assumption about a population parameter. Hypotheses are often based on prior knowledge, assumptions, or intuition, and are tested using statistical methods. The hypothesis specifies the exact value of the population parameter that is of interest, and the goal of statistical testing is to determine whether the observed data support or reject the hypothesis.

When an Exact Specification of a Population Parameter Is Made