Question 1

Multiple-baseline designs can be assessed across
A)time.
B)situations.
C)behaviors.
D)both situations and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Multiple-baseline designs involve measuring the same behavior across multiple situations (or settings) and/or behaviors across time, so the best choice is D, which includes both situations and behaviors.

Question 2

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple participants is a _____ design.
A)multiple-baseline across participants
B)multiple-baseline across time
C)reversal
D)pretest/posttest

Accepted Answer

In a multiple-baseline across participants design, the independent variable is introduced at different times for different participants, allowing for comparisons to be made between baseline and intervention phases within each individual participant. This design helps to rule out alternative explanations for observed changes in behavior, such as history or maturation effects, and has strong external validity as it can be applied to a variety of settings and populations.

Question 3

An English teacher is interested in whether using computer writing assignments will improve his students' writing skills. He decides to use the computer writing assignments in one of the two freshman English classes that he teaches. Which type of quasi-experimental design do you recommend for this study? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An English teacher is interested in whether...

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of small-n designs, according to Sidman (1960)?
A)They allow for easier replication.
B)They contribute less to error variance.
C)They allow us to look at mean (average) performance.
D)They allow for easier replication and they contribute less to error variance.

Accepted Answer

According to Sidman (1960), small-n designs allow for easier replication and contribute less to error variance.

Question 5

A single-case design in which the independent variable is introduced and removed one or more times is a _____ design.
A)small-n
B)nonequivalent control group
C)reversal
D)pretest/posttest

Accepted Answer

A reversal design involves introducing and removing the independent variable one or more times to observe its effects on the dependent variable. It is a type of small-n design, which focuses on the behavior of individual participants rather than group averages. Nonequivalent control group and pretest/posttest designs involve different types of experimental control and do not typically involve introducing and removing the independent variable.

Question 6

The ABAB design is generally considered more _____ than the ABA design because participants are left with the effect of the treatment.
A)reliable
B)valid
C)ethical
D)effective

Accepted Answer

The ABAB design involves removing the treatment and then reintroducing it, which can cause harm or discomfort to participants. In contrast, the ABAB design does not involve removing the treatment, making it a more ethical choice. However, both designs have their own benefits and limitations depending on the research question and participants involved.

Question 7

A problem with single-group designs is that
A)they are open to many confounds.
B)there is no comparison group.
C)there is no equivalent control group.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Single-group designs have no comparison group which makes it difficult to determine if the observed changes are due to the intervention or confounding variables. This lack of control group also means there is no equivalent control group, further increasing the risk of confounding variables. Therefore, all of the above choices are problems with single-group designs.

Question 8

A single-case or small-n design in which the effect of introducing the independent variable is assessed over multiple participants, behaviors, or situations is a(n) _____ design.
A)ABAB
B)multiple-baseline
C)ABA
D)posttest-only

Accepted Answer

A multiple-baseline design involves introducing the independent variable at different times across multiple participants, behaviors, or situations, allowing for a comparison of the behavior before and after intervention. The other options (ABAB, ABA, and posttest-only) do not involve multiple participants, behaviors, or situations being assessed.

Question 9

ABAB design is to a(n)_____ design as single-case design is to _____.
A)ABA; a design in which only a few participants are used
B)reversal; a design in which only a few participants are used
C)ABA; a design in which only one participant is used
D)reversal; a design in which only one participant is used

Accepted Answer

The answer of ABAB design is to a(n)_____ design as...

Question 10

A design in which only one participant is used is to a(n) _____ design as a design in which only a few participants are used is to a _____ design.
A)small-n; single-case
B)single-case; small-n
C)single-case; reversal
D)ABA; small-n

Accepted Answer

The answer of A design in which only one participant...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a type of small-n design?
A)ABA reversal designs
B)ABAB reversal designs
C)multiple-baseline designs
D)single-group posttest-only design

Accepted Answer

A, B, and C are all examples of small-n designs that involve manipulating and measuring the same few subjects repeatedly over time, while D is a between-subjects design that does not involve repeated measurements or manipulation of a single group.

Question 12

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple behaviors is a multiple-baseline across_____ design.
A)participants
B)time
C)behaviors
D)situations

Accepted Answer

In a multiple-baseline across behaviors design, measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple behaviors. Therefore, the correct answer is C. The other options (A, B, and D) are not relevant to the design described.

Question 13

ABA design is to a(n)_____ design as a small-n design is to _____.
A)reversal; a design in which only a few participants are used
B)ABAB; a design in which only a few participants are used
C)reversal; a design in which only one participant is used
D)ABAB; a design in which only one participant is used

Accepted Answer

The answer of ABA design is to a(n)_____ design as...

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a type of multiple-baseline design?
A)multiple-baseline across participants
B)multiple-baseline across time
C)multiple-baseline across situations
D)multiple-baseline across behaviors

Accepted Answer

Multiple-baseline across time is a valid type of multiple-baseline design, so it is not the correct answer. A, C, and D are all examples of legitimate types of multiple-baseline designs.

Question 15

With small-n designs
A)it is easy to generalize results to others.
B)complex statistical analyses are not required.
C)random assignment is essential.
D)none of the options is correct

Accepted Answer

Small-n designs typically involve in-depth examination of a small sample, which allows for detailed analysis and interpretation of the data without the need for complex statistical analyses. However, generalizability to a larger population may be limited, and random assignment is not always possible or necessary in these designs.

Question 16

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple situations is a multiple-baseline across_____ design. time
A)participants
B)time
C)situations
D)behaviors

Accepted Answer

A multiple-baseline across situations design involves introducing the independent variable at different times across various situations to assess its effect.

Question 17

Small-n and single-case research is often considered a variation of _____ design(s).
A)a quasi-experimental
B)a within-participant
C)a between-participant
D)both quasi-experimental and within-participant

Accepted Answer

The answer of Small-n and single-case research is often considered...

Question 18

Explain the difference between correlational, quasi-experimental, and true-experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between correlational, quasi-experimental, and...

Question 19

Identify the three types of nonequivalent control group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the three types of nonequivalent control...

Question 20

Identify the three types of single-group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the three types of single-group designs...

Quiz 13: Quasi Experimental and Single Case Designs

Multiple-baseline designs can be assessed across

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple participants is a _____ design.

Which of the following is an advantage of small-n designs, according to Sidman (1960) ?

A single-case design in which the independent variable is introduced and removed one or more times is a _____ design.

The ABAB design is generally considered more _____ than the ABA design because participants are left with the effect of the treatment.

A problem with single-group designs is that

A single-case or small-n design in which the effect of introducing the independent variable is assessed over multiple participants, behaviors, or situations is a(n) _____ design.

ABAB design is to a(n) _ design as single-case design is to _.

A design in which only one participant is used is to a(n) _ design as a design in which only a few participants are used is to a _ design.

Which of the following is NOT a type of small-n design?

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple behaviors is a multiple-baseline across_____ design.

ABA design is to a(n) _ design as a small-n design is to _.

Which of the following is NOT a type of multiple-baseline design?

With small-n designs

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple situations is a multiple-baseline across_____ design. time

Small-n and single-case research is often considered a variation of _____ design(s) .

Explain the difference between correlational, quasi-experimental, and true-experimental designs.

Identify the three types of nonequivalent control group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

Identify the three types of single-group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

Quiz 13: Quasi Experimental and Single Case Designs

Multiple-baseline designs can be assessed across

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple participants is a _____ design.

Which of the following is an advantage of small-n designs, according to Sidman (1960) ?

A single-case design in which the independent variable is introduced and removed one or more times is a _____ design.

The ABAB design is generally considered more _____ than the ABA design because participants are left with the effect of the treatment.

A problem with single-group designs is that

A single-case or small-n design in which the effect of introducing the independent variable is assessed over multiple participants, behaviors, or situations is a(n) _____ design.

ABAB design is to a(n) _____ design as single-case design is to _____.

A design in which only one participant is used is to a(n) _____ design as a design in which only a few participants are used is to a _____ design.

Which of the following is NOT a type of small-n design?

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple behaviors is a multiple-baseline across_____ design.

ABA design is to a(n) _____ design as a small-n design is to _____.

Which of the following is NOT a type of multiple-baseline design?

With small-n designs

A design in which measures are taken at baseline and after the introduction of the independent variable at different times across multiple situations is a multiple-baseline across_____ design. time

Small-n and single-case research is often considered a variation of _____ design(s) .

Explain the difference between correlational, quasi-experimental, and true-experimental designs.

Identify the three types of nonequivalent control group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

Identify the three types of single-group designs discussed in the text noting possible advantages or disadvantages of each.

ABAB design is to a(n) _ design as single-case design is to _.

A design in which only one participant is used is to a(n) _ design as a design in which only a few participants are used is to a _ design.

ABA design is to a(n) _ design as a small-n design is to _.