Question 1

According to research by Kugihara (1999), social loafing is more likely to occur among

Accepted Answer

Research by Kugihara (1999) found that social loafing was more likely to occur among men, compared to women. Therefore, option A is the best choice. There was no evidence found in the study to suggest that social loafing was more likely to occur among any specific ethnic group, so options C and D are not correct.

Question 2

According to the theory of social facilitation, the presence of others should lead to all except which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The theory of social facilitation posits that the presence of others can lead to improved performance on simple or well-practiced tasks (Choice A), an increase in physiological arousal (Choice B), and the manifestation of a dominant response (Choice C). However, social facilitation does not typically lead to more carefully deliberated behavior (Choice D) because the presence of others can be distracting and cause individuals to rely on automatic or habitual responses rather than deliberate decision-making.

Question 3

The tendency for the presence of other people to increase performance on easy tasks and impair performance on difficult tasks is known as

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of the presence of others improving performance on easy tasks and hindering performance on difficult tasks is known as social facilitation. Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group. Group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussion to lead to more extreme positions or decisions. Groupthink refers to the phenomenon where a group's desire for harmony and cohesiveness leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making.

Question 4

A person who experiences social facilitation effects because he is worried about being judged supports the _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The evaluation apprehension hypothesis proposes that the mere presence of others is not enough to produce social facilitation effects, but rather the presence of others who are evaluating the individual creates the conditions for social facilitation to occur. In this scenario, the person is worried about being judged, which suggests that their performance is being evaluated, supporting the evaluation apprehension hypothesis.

Question 5

The theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract one's attention from the task at hand is known as

Accepted Answer

The theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract one's attention from the task at hand is known as the distraction-conflict theory. The other options are different theories related to social psychology but not specifically related to social facilitation effects.

Question 6

According to Zajonc, social facilitation

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's theory of social facilitation suggests that the mere presence of others can enhance performance on easy or well-learned tasks, but can impair performance on difficult or new tasks. This effect is thought to occur because the physical presence of others increases physiological arousal, which enhances the dominant response (the most likely response given the individual's level of skill or familiarity with the task). Therefore, social facilitation occurs due to the physical immediacy of others.

Question 7

Vladimir, a basketball novice, makes about 60 percent of his free throws when practicing alone.However, when playing with his friends, he only makes about 30 percent of his free throws.This decrease is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vladimir, a basketball novice, makes about 60...

Question 8

All of the following accounts have been proposed to explain social facilitation except

Accepted Answer

All of the other options (mere presence, evaluation apprehension, and distraction) have been proposed as explanations for social facilitation. The idea that people feel less accountable in a group context (option D) is actually a proposed explanation for social loafing, which is the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when they are working alone.

Question 9

According to research by Nibler and Harris (2003), which of the following groups is most likely to experience better performance when group members feel free to disagree with one another?

Accepted Answer

Research by Nibler and Harris (2003) suggests that in the U.S., where individualism is more prevalent, groups perform better when members feel free to express disagreements, as it encourages diverse perspectives and critical thinking.

Question 10

Cross-cultural research suggests that when individuals fail to carry their own share of the weight for the group,

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research suggests that cohesiveness suffers more in groups from collectivistic cultures when individuals fail to carry their own share of the weight for the group. This is because in collectivist cultures, the group is more important than the individual, and thus non-participation or non-cooperation is seen as a threat to the group as a whole. Therefore, collectivist groups may be more likely to sanction or exclude members who do not contribute adequately.

Question 11

The facilitation of the dominant response from increased arousal will tend to

Accepted Answer

This response pattern is known as the Yerkes-Dodson law, where moderate arousal leads to optimal performance on easy tasks, but too high arousal leads to decreased performance on difficult tasks. Thus, the facilitation of the dominant response from increased arousal will make easy tasks easier but difficult tasks more challenging.

Question 12

Zajonc's model for how the presence of others influences individual performance is known as social facilitation."Facilitation" refers to the fact that the presence of others facilitates a performer's

Accepted Answer

The answer of Zajonc's model for how the presence of...

Question 13

According to Zajonc's model of social facilitation, the three steps in determining the influence of the presence of others on performance are

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's model of social facilitation suggests that the presence of others can lead to an increase in arousal, which can enhance the dominant response (the most automatic or well-learned response) to a task. However, this effect is greater for simple or well-learned tasks (where the dominant response is correct) and can actually decrease performance on complex or novel tasks (where the dominant response may not be correct). Therefore, the three steps in determining the influence of the presence of others on performance are arousal, dominant response, and task difficulty.

Question 14

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898)had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could.He found that

Accepted Answer

Triplett found that the children were faster when working next to another child, indicating that the presence of others can enhance performance. This phenomenon is now known as social facilitation.

Question 15

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone.You find the questions to be easy.According to the model of social ________, you should perform ________ than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C because the concept being described is social facilitation, which refers to the phenomenon of people performing better on simple or well-practiced tasks when in the presence of others compared to being alone. Social loafing, on the other hand, refers to the tendency for people to exert less effort when working in a group compared to working alone. Therefore, the answer cannot be A or B since those options refer to social loafing and the question specifically states that the questions are easy. The answer cannot be D either since facilitation improves performance rather than impairing it.

Question 16

According to the model of ________, when the presence of others is physiologically arousing, a person's performance tends to ________ on a task that is difficult.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others leads to increased arousal, which can enhance performance on simple tasks but impair performance on complex or difficult tasks.

Question 17

Ingham (1974)asked participants to pull on a rope and found that participants pulled almost 20 percent harder when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought they were part of a group.This finding best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when they are part of a group compared to when they are working alone. Ingham's finding that participants pulled harder when they thought they were alone illustrates this concept.

Question 18

Better performance by an individual on difficult tasks in the presence of others can be encouraged the most when the individual's arousal level is _____ and evaluation pressure on the individual is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Better performance by an individual on difficult...

Question 19

Ringelmann's research in the 1880s demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Ringelmann's research found that people exert less effort in simple group tasks than they would if working alone. This is known as the Ringelmann Effect.

Question 20

Research by Zajonc et al.(1969)in which cockroaches run in simple or complex mazes alone, in pairs, or with an audience provides support for which explanation of social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

The mere presence theory, which states that the presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, is supported by the cockroach maze experiment. The presence of an audience or a pair of cockroaches facilitated the performance of the insects, demonstrating the effect of simple social facilitation.

Quiz 8: Group Processes

According to research by Kugihara (1999) , social loafing is more likely to occur among

According to the theory of social facilitation, the presence of others should lead to all except which of the following?

The tendency for the presence of other people to increase performance on easy tasks and impair performance on difficult tasks is known as

A person who experiences social facilitation effects because he is worried about being judged supports the _____ hypothesis.

The theory that the presence of others will produce social facilitation effects only when those others distract one's attention from the task at hand is known as

According to Zajonc, social facilitation

Vladimir, a basketball novice, makes about 60 percent of his free throws when practicing alone.However, when playing with his friends, he only makes about 30 percent of his free throws.This decrease is most likely the result of

All of the following accounts have been proposed to explain social facilitation except

According to research by Nibler and Harris (2003) , which of the following groups is most likely to experience better performance when group members feel free to disagree with one another?

Cross-cultural research suggests that when individuals fail to carry their own share of the weight for the group,

The facilitation of the dominant response from increased arousal will tend to

Zajonc's model for how the presence of others influences individual performance is known as social facilitation."Facilitation" refers to the fact that the presence of others facilitates a performer's

According to Zajonc's model of social facilitation, the three steps in determining the influence of the presence of others on performance are

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1898) had children wind fishing reels as quickly as they could.He found that

Your psychology professor calls you in front of the class and asks you to answer practice exam questions in front of everyone.You find the questions to be easy.According to the model of social , you should perform than you would if you had worked on the questions alone.

According to the model of , when the presence of others is physiologically arousing, a person's performance tends to on a task that is difficult.

Ingham (1974) asked participants to pull on a rope and found that participants pulled almost 20 percent harder when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought they were part of a group.This finding best illustrates

Better performance by an individual on difficult tasks in the presence of others can be encouraged the most when the individual's arousal level is _ and evaluation pressure on the individual is _.

Ringelmann's research in the 1880s demonstrated that

Research by Zajonc et al.(1969) in which cockroaches run in simple or complex mazes alone, in pairs, or with an audience provides support for which explanation of social facilitation?