Question 1

Research on brainstorming suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that brainstorming is often ineffective because individuals tend to generate fewer ideas in a group setting compared to when they work alone, despite the fact that people often enjoy the process.

Question 2

Brainstorming is an example of a(n)_____ task.

Accepted Answer

In an additive task, the contributions of all group members are combined to form the final product. Brainstorming involves generating ideas collectively, where each member's input adds to the overall pool of ideas.

Question 3

Farooq and his coworkers are trying to develop a creative direct mail campaign that will increase sales of their new snowboard.Which of the following strategies is least likely to yield high-quality ideas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Farooq and his coworkers are trying to...

Question 4

According to the ___________, whether deindividuation affects people for better or for worse depends on a group's characteristics and norms.

Accepted Answer

The social identity model of deindividuation effects suggests that the effects of deindividuation on individuals depend on the group's characteristics and norms. This model proposes that when individuals feel a strong group identity, deindividuation can enhance positive behaviors that align with group norms, but it can also increase negative behaviors that deviate from group norms. The other options listed—process loss model, emotional reciprocation model, and conflict-distraction model—are not directly related to deindividuation effects on group behavior.

Question 5

A task in which the group's performance is determined by the best group member is considered

Accepted Answer

A disjunctive task is one in which the group's performance is determined by the best individual performance, meaning that if one group member excels, the whole group's performance will benefit. This is different from additive tasks in which group performance is the sum of individual performance, and conjunctive tasks in which group performance is limited by the poorest individual performance. Divisible tasks do not fit any of these categories.

Question 6

In conjunctive tasks, group performance is determined by the

Accepted Answer

In conjunctive tasks, group performance is determined by the performance of the weakest group member since the group can only succeed if every member of the group performs at a certain level. Even if one member does not perform well, it can impact the overall group's performance and prevent success. Therefore, the group's performance is limited by the performance of the weakest member.

Question 7

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex couples should be allowed to marry.The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of gay marriage.If group polarization occurs,

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when a discussion among like-minded individuals leads to a more extreme position. In this case, if the group already has somewhat supportive opinions towards gay marriage, the discussion among them will likely lead to stronger support for gay marriage. Therefore, the students will be more strongly supportive of gay marriage after the discussion.

Question 8

Groups tend to outperform individuals on

Accepted Answer

The answer of Groups tend to outperform individuals on
...

Question 9

Tendencies that interfere with a group's ability to live up to its full potential are referred to as examples of

Accepted Answer

Process loss refers to any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving. This can include lack of participation from certain members, poor communication, and inefficient decision-making methods. It can prevent a group from functioning at its optimal level. The other options are not related to this concept.

Question 10

An increase in group performance such that the group outperforms the individuals who comprise the group is called

Accepted Answer

When a group outperforms its individual members, it is called process gain, which is also known as synergy or the "whole is greater than the sum of its parts." Process loss, on the other hand, refers to a decrease in group performance caused by factors such as social loafing or coordination problems. Escalation and polarization are not related to group performance gains.

Question 11

Electronic brainstorming may be more effective than face-to-face group brainstorming because it

Accepted Answer

Electronic brainstorming allows for anonymity, which reduces social loafing (free riding) and encourages equal participation from all group members.

Question 12

Before the meeting, each of several city council members was tentatively considering an air pollution ordinance.After the meeting, they expressed strong support of the ordinance.This outcome is an example of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the phenomenon where individuals tend to adopt more extreme positions or opinions after interacting with like-minded individuals. In this case, the city council members became more supportive of the air pollution ordinance after discussing it with each other, which is consistent with group polarization. Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone, which is not applicable here. A social dilemma occurs when individuals must choose between acting in their own self-interest or acting in the interest of the group, which is also not applicable here. Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where the presence of others enhances an individual's performance on a task, which is also not applicable in this scenario.

Question 13

When a task can be divided so various subgroups can work on different aspects of it, and the task has a solution in which the correct answer is immediately evident when presented to the group, the group is likely to experience

Accepted Answer

When a task can be divided into subgroups and the solution is immediately evident, the group is likely to experience synergy. This means that the subgroups can work together to achieve a greater outcome than if they had worked individually. There is no process loss, escalation or group support specifically mentioned in this scenario.

Question 14

Sam, Diane, and Frasier are members of a team competing in a test of general knowledge.Any team member can answer the moderator's questions.The team's task can be described as

Accepted Answer

Disjunctive tasks require only one team member to have the necessary knowledge or skills to perform the entire task successfully. In this case, any team member can answer the moderator's questions, so the task is disjunctive.

Question 15

Consider a study in which researchers created groups of relatively prejudiced and unprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond to issues concerning racial attitudes, both before and after discussion of these issues.Following the group discussions, you would expect that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that discussions about racial attitudes can lead to greater empathy and understanding among individuals, particularly among those who were previously unprejudiced. Therefore, it is likely that the unprejudiced group would become even less prejudiced following the discussion, while the prejudiced group may become more understanding, but not necessarily less prejudiced. This is because prejudice is a deeply ingrained belief system that is not easily changed through superficial conversations. Therefore, the prejudiced group may become more aware of their prejudice following the discussion, but it is unlikely that they would completely change their beliefs.

Question 16

All of the following appear to reduce the effectiveness of group brainstorming except

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following appear to reduce...

Question 17

De Dreu and others (2011)have found that _____ can enhance the performance of brainstorming groups.

Accepted Answer

Motivation toward the collective success of the group enhances brainstorming performance by fostering collaboration and idea sharing.

Question 18

The tendency for groups to become more extreme in their positions following discussion is called

Accepted Answer

Group polarization is the phenomenon where group members tend to become more extreme in their positions following group discussion. This occurs because people are often exposed to novel arguments and views that they had not considered before, which can reinforce their own beliefs and make them feel more confident in their opinions. Additionally, social comparison and conformity pressures may contribute to the shift towards more extreme positions.

Question 19

Following group discussion, group decisions tend to _____ the positions of the individuals comprising the group.

Accepted Answer

Group discussions often lead to group polarization, where the group's decision tends to be more extreme than the initial positions of the individual members.

Question 20

Research on brainstorming in groups demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on brainstorming in groups demonstrates that
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Quiz 8: Group Processes